The Improved Division-Less MT-Type Velocity Estimation Algorithm for Low-Cost FPGAs

Hace, A.

doi:10.3390/electronics8030361

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Usually, three methods are adopted to evaluate the speed based on these square waves: (1) Measuring the elapsed time, commonly termed as the T method, which calculates the reciprocal of the duration between consecutive pulses to obtain the frequency; (2) pulse counting, commonly termed as the M method, which counts the number of pulses generated within a prescribed period of time; and (3) constant elapsed time, commonly termed as the M/T method, is a combination of pulse counting and measuring elapsed time [15,16,17]. The principles of the three methods are shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Measurement Principle and Finite Element Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Approach to Rotational Speed Measurement Using an Electrostatic Sensor

Qin

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In industrial production processes, rotational speed is a key parameter for equipment condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. To achieve rotational speed measurement of rotational equipment under a condition of high temperature and heavy dust, this article proposes a digital approach using an electrostatic sensor. The proposed method utilizes a strip of a predetermined material stuck on the rotational shaft which will accumulate a charge because of the relative motion with the air. Then an electrostatic sensor mounted near the strip is employed to obtain the fluctuating signal related to the rotation of the charged strip. Via a signal conversion circuit, a square wave, the frequency of which equals that of the rotation shaft can be obtained. Having the square wave, the M/T method and T method are adopted to work out the rotational speed. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory-scale test rig to compare the proposed method with the auto-correlation method. The largest relative errors of the auto-correlation method with the sampling rate of 2 ksps, 5 ksps are 3.2% and 1.3%, respectively. The relative errors using digital approaches are both within ±4‰. The linearity of the digital approach combined with the M/T method or T method is also superior to that of the auto-correlation method. The performance of the standard deviations and response speed was also compared and analyzed to show the priority of the digital approach.

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Section: Measurement Principle and Finite Element Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Approach to Rotational Speed Measurement Using an Electrostatic Sensor

Qin

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…The position is measured with a precise linear position encoder, which is connected to the dedicated digital quadrature decoder input of the haptics controller. The velocity is estimated from the position counts by the MT method [154]. In order to remove the residual noise, the estimated velocity is filtered by a discretized version of the fast low-pass first-order filter given transfer function G v (s) = 1/(τs + 1), with τ = 1 ms.…”

Section: The Experimental Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Advanced Control Approach based on SMC Design for the High-Fidelity Haptic Power Lever of a Small Hybrid Electric Aircraft

Hace

2019

Energies

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In the serial hybrid electric propulsion system of a small propeller aircraft the battery state of charge is fluctuating due to the diversity of possible power flows. Overwhelming visual information on the cockpit displays, besides requiring visual pilot attention, increases pilot workload, which is undesirable, especially in risky flight situations. Haptic interfaces, on the other hand, can provide intuitive cues that can be applied to enhance and simplify the cockpit. In this paper, we deal with an enhanced power lever stick, which can provide feedback force feel with haptic cues for enhanced information flow between the pilot and the powertrain system. We present selected haptic patterns for specific information related to the fluctuating battery state of charge. The haptic patterns were designed to reduce pilot workload, and for easy use, safe and energy-efficient control of the hybrid electric powertrain system. We focus on the advanced control design for high-performance force feedback required for rendering fine haptic signals, which stimulates the sensitive haptics of a pilot’s hand-arm system. The presented control algorithm has been designed by the sliding mode control (SMC) approach in order to provide disturbance rejection and high-fidelity haptic rendering. The proposed control design has been validated on an experimental prototype system.

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“…There are multiple methods of motor speed measurement—see [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]—and different speed estimation methods, as seen in [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The authors of [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] use the FPGA implementation. In this paper, incremental encoders connected with an STM microcontroller are used together with (NI) ELVIS acquisition equipment, and a power inverter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental Encoder Speed Acquisition Using an STM32 Microcontroller and NI ELVIS

Pop

2022

Sensors

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Precise motor control requires high accuracy of the rotor position through the incremental encoder. The speed and accuracy of the acquisition equipment (microcontroller) play an important element in terms of cost and efficiency. In this paper, the author presents alternative methods for speed acquisition from an incremental encoder. In the first stage of research, the main performances of the STM32 microcontroller, connected with an incremental encoder, will be analyzed and compared with two different acquisition systems, i.e., ELVIS II and a Unidrive M701 power inverter. Using the LabVIEW graphical programming language, a user-friendly, convenient, and flexible human–machine interface is designed. Due to the advantages provided by the STM32 microcontroller in terms of processing power, cost, and programming interface, the obtained results are accurate and consistent. Through experimental testing and analysis, the speed acquisition is stable for both developed software algorithms used for ELVIS II and STM32 platforms. It is the aim of the paper to propose a useful speed acquisition tool in low-cost, high-accuracy prototyping applications.

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The Improved Division-Less MT-Type Velocity Estimation Algorithm for Low-Cost FPGAs

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Digital Approach to Rotational Speed Measurement Using an Electrostatic Sensor

Digital Approach to Rotational Speed Measurement Using an Electrostatic Sensor

The Advanced Control Approach based on SMC Design for the High-Fidelity Haptic Power Lever of a Small Hybrid Electric Aircraft

Incremental Encoder Speed Acquisition Using an STM32 Microcontroller and NI ELVIS

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