The importance of vocal affect to bimodal processing of emotion: Implications for individuals with traumatic brain injury

Voice analysis during bad news discussion in oncology: reduced pitch, decreased speaking rate, and nonverbal communication of empathy

“…Nonverbal communication is less frequently addressed in the empathy literature, and yet it is critical to understanding and conveying emotion [21]. Emotions such as sadness and fear can be identified with high accuracy based only on prosodic cues of pitch, loudness, and speaking rate [4,8,12,21].…”

“…Emotions such as sadness and fear can be identified with high accuracy based only on prosodic cues of pitch, loudness, and speaking rate [4,8,12,21].…”

Autonomic function, voice, and mood states

“…Emotion produces involuntary physiological alterations in the autonomic and somatic nervous system that result in changes in vocal characteristics and in acoustic patterns of the voice [10]. Some studies suggest that vagal HRV indices are related to depression in subjects with [3][4][5] and without heart disease [20], and that the change of cardiovascular function represents changes of emotions or moods [1,2].…”

“…Speech carries information about the speaker's emotional state as well as semantic content information about the speaker's intentions. Many studies have examined which acoustic parameters are related to specific emotional states [9][10][11][12]. The limbic system is one of the ways in which emotional arousal affects the vocalization process.…”

Exploration of a new tool for assessing emotional inferencing after traumatic brain injury

“…It should not be surprising then, that despite the heterogeneity of their injuries, people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently known to have social skill deficits, including problems recognizing nonverbal emotion cues (i.e., facial and vocal expressions), and interpreting the intended meaning of a message 6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Deficits occur even when language comprehension remains relatively intact 5 .…”