The Importance of Utility Systems in Today’s Biorefineries and a Vision for Tomorrow

Eggeman, Tim; Verser, Dan

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-268-7_30

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ethanol ConversionsReview of Literature. Currently, the U.S. produces ethanol from corn grain by a dry grind or wet mill process (6,19,22,97,98). In a conventional ethanol biorefinery, corn starch is converted to sugars by cooking it at high temperature and using amylase enzymes to facilitate carbohydrate depolymerization to monomeric glucose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Sustainability Factors Associated With Next-Generation Biofuels in the U.S.: What Do We Really Know?

Williams

Inman

Aden

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

181

107

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In this paper, we assess what is known or anticipated about environmental and sustainability factors associated with next-generation biofuels relative to the primary conventional biofuels (i.e., corn grain-based ethanol and soybean-based diesel) in the United States during feedstock production and conversion processes. Factors considered include greenhouse (GHG) emissions, air pollutant emissions, soil health and quality, water use and water quality, wastewater and solid waste streams, and biodiversity and land-use changes. Based on our review of the available literature, we find that the production of next-generation feedstocks in the U.S. (e.g., municipal solid waste, forest residues, dedicated energy crops, microalgae) are expected to fare better than corn-grain or soybean production on most of these factors, although the magnitude of these differences may vary significantly among feedstocks. Ethanol produced using a biochemical or thermochemical conversion platform is expected to result in fewer GHG and air pollutant emissions, but to have similar or potentially greater water demands and solid waste streams than conventional ethanol biorefineries in the U.S. However, these conversion-related differences are likely to be small, particularly relative to those associated with feedstock production. Modeling performed for illustrative purposes and to allow for standardized quantitative comparisons across feedstocks and conversion technologies generally confirms the findings from the literature. Despite current expectations, significant uncertainty remains regarding how well next-generation biofuels will fare on different environmental and sustainability factors when produced on a commercial scale in the U.S. Additional research is needed in several broad areas including quantifying impacts, designing standardized metrics and approaches, and developing decision-support tools to identify and quantify environmental trade-offs and ensure sustainable biofuels production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Sustainability Factors Associated With Next-Generation Biofuels in the U.S.: What Do We Really Know?

Williams

Inman

Aden

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

181

107

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“…The concentration of acetate formed by acetogens is relatively low do to its inhibitory effects on growth. New strategies to efficiently recover acetate from cultivation broths might circumvent this problem 163,164 …”

Section: Harnessing the Functional Talents Of Acetogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New strategies to efficiently recover acetate from cultivation broths might circumvent this problem. 163,164 Acetogens and the enzymes that they produce might be useful in the bioremediation of certain anthropogenic compounds (e.g., trinitrotoluene) [165][166][167] or the production of fine chemicals (e.g., corrinoids) and enzymes (e.g., acetate kinase). 41,[168][169][170][171] However, a commercial application of these potentials has not been reported.…”

Section: Harnessing the Functional Talents Of Acetogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old Acetogens, New Light

Drake

Gößner

Daniel

2008

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

519

412

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Acetogens utilize the acetyl-CoA Wood-Ljungdahl pathway as a terminal electron-accepting, energy-conserving, CO(2)-fixing process. The decades of research to resolve the enzymology of this pathway (1) preceded studies demonstrating that acetogens not only harbor a novel CO(2)-fixing pathway, but are also ecologically important, and (2) overshadowed the novel microbiological discoveries of acetogens and acetogenesis. The first acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium aceticum, was reported by Klaas Tammo Wieringa in 1936, but was subsequently lost. The second acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium thermoaceticum, was isolated by Francis Ephraim Fontaine and co-workers in 1942. C. thermoaceticum became the most extensively studied acetogen and was used to resolve the enzymology of the acetyl-CoA pathway in the laboratories of Harland Goff Wood and Lars Gerhard Ljungdahl. Although acetogenesis initially intrigued few scientists, this novel process fostered several scientific milestones, including the first (14)C-tracer studies in biology and the discovery that tungsten is a biologically active metal. The acetyl-CoA pathway is now recognized as a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle and essential to the metabolic potentials of many different prokaryotes. The acetyl-CoA pathway and variants thereof appear to be important to primary production in certain habitats and may have been the first autotrophic process on earth and important to the evolution of life. The purpose of this article is to (1) pay tribute to those who discovered acetogens and acetogenesis, and to those who resolved the acetyl-CoA pathway, and (2) highlight the ecology and physiology of acetogens within the framework of their scientific roots.

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“…These days, acetic acid is generating interest as a biobased platform chemical to replace petroleum‐based C 2 chemicals. Particularly in terms of the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into a C 2 chemical, the anaerobic production of acetic acid by the microorganism acetogen17 is more beneficial than ethanol production through traditional yeast fermentation for the following reasons: 1) acetogen converts all xylose (C 5 ) and glucose (C 6 ) sugars, 2) it tolerates all breakdown products of lignocellulosic biomass, 3) it operates in harsh environments, and 4) it produces no CO 2 as a byproduct. A variety of feedstocks, such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, forest product residues, wood waste, and inedible energy crops, can be converted into acetic acid by anaerobic fermentation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kleben, bis das Zeug hält

Osterath¹

2014

Nachr Chem

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A facile pathway to furan derivatives from lignocellulosic biomass via 5‐acetoxymethylfurfural (AMF) was developed. AMF possesses advantageous properties due to its less‐hydrophilic acetoxymethyl group relative to the hydroxymethyl group of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The hydrophobicity and chemical stability of AMF allowed practical isolation and purification to afford a highly pure product of up to 99.9 %. AMF was produced in good to excellent yields under mild conditions from 5‐chloromethylfurfural (CMF) and alkylammonium acetates, both of which could be obtained directly from lignocellulosic biomass. Heterogeneous reactions with polymer‐supported alkylammonium acetates were also established; this showed the feasibility of a continuous process for this pathway. AMF could be transformed into various promising furanic compounds, such as 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 2,5‐furandimethanol (FDM), and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furanoic acid (HFA), in high yields.

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The Importance of Utility Systems in Today’s Biorefineries and a Vision for Tomorrow

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Environmental and Sustainability Factors Associated With Next-Generation Biofuels in the U.S.: What Do We Really Know?

Environmental and Sustainability Factors Associated With Next-Generation Biofuels in the U.S.: What Do We Really Know?

Old Acetogens, New Light

Kleben, bis das Zeug hält

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