The importance of thermal boundary transitions on glacial geomorphology; mapping of ribbed/hummocky moraine and streamlined terrain from LiDAR, over Småland, South Sweden

Möller, Per; Dowling, Thomas

doi:10.1080/11035897.2015.1051736

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…glaciofluvial esker systems) common in topographic depressions. Moraine features with indented surfaces can be seen everywhere in the KIL area and they resemble residual drumlins described by Möller and Dowling (2015) in southern Sweden.…”

Section: Streamlined Lineation Featuresmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Morphology, inner and outer composition, lithology, fabric orientation and inner structures clearly reveal them to be subglacial depositional moraine formations with a close connection to cold/ thawed-bed glacial conditions (cf. Lundqvist, 1969Lundqvist, , 1989Aario, 1977;Aario & Peuraniemi, 1992;Hättestrand, 1997;Kleman & Hättestrand, 1999;Sarala et al, 1998;Sarala & Rossi, 2000;Sarala, 2005bSarala, , 2006Sarala & Peuraniemi, 2007;Finlayson & Bradwell, 2008;Trommelen et al, 2014;Möller & Dowling, 2015). In KIL, the ribbed moraines change as the dominant morphology type in the core part of the ice lobe.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High land areas are typically smoothed on top and covered by tens of small flutings. This kind of topography is classified as fluted terrain in the GTK's Glacier Dynamic database (see Putkinen et al, 2017, in this volume) or as streamlined terrain (Möller & Dowling, 2015). An example of fluted terrain that formed on the top and distal side of the rocky hill area is presented in Figure 4.…”

Section: Streamlined Lineation Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent glaciomorphological studies in glaciated terrain have shown that the aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived digital elevation model (DEM) is a breakthrough method in recognising morphological features and even the smallest surficial details of landforms (Smith & Patterson, 2014;Möller & Dowling, 2015;Ojala et al, 2015;Sarala et al, 2015). In addition to moraine landforms, it is also possible to distinguish several glaciofluvial and till-covered delta or sandur deposits based on LiDAR (Sarala et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the eastern part of the Kuusamo Ice Lobe, based on geomorphological interpretation of high-resolution LiDAR data

Sarala¹,

Räisänen²

2017

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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In this article, we present new glacial geomorphological data from the eastern part of the Kuusamo Ice Lobe (KIL) in eastern Finland. The focus is on glacial lineations (about 9000 individual features) and interpretation of ice lobe evolution based on streamlined erosional and depositional formations, hummocky and ribbed moraines and glaciofluvial formations. Glacial geomorphological mapping was performed based on interpretation and classification of LiDAR data according to the Geological Survey of Finland's new Glacier Dynamic database. The results revealed that modern surficial deposits were formed during three different ice flow phases. The oldest remains are seen as occasional NW-SE megalineations and unclassified glacially lineated terrains and erosional valleys representing the Middle Weichselian glaciation. The younger morphologies were formed from the two overlapping drumlin fields of the Tuoppajärvi and Kuusamo ice flow phases, with origins in the Late Weichselian deglaciation. Analysis of different erosional and depositional formation patterns was used to separate ice flow phases and estimate the evolution, subglacial conditions and mass balance of KIL during the last deglaciation. The morphological interpretation revealed that the Tuoppajärvi ice flow stage was large and homogeneous, while the later Kuusamo ice flow stage was more concentrated, narrower and heterogeneous, following a fan-type pattern that is also emphasised by the meltwater channel systems, including both erosional and depositional features. Furthermore, on both margins (northern and southern), part of the ice masses formed stagnant areas. The length of the lineations also indicates both glacier flow velocity and transport distances, which in the case of megalineations and drumlins are longer than in the fluted terrain. Ribbed moraines in the western (core part) of KIL indicate a very different depositional environment relating to strong quarrying and short transport distances under cold-based subglacial conditions, near the core area and the late ice divide zone of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet.

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Section: Streamlined Lineation Featuresmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Streamlined Lineation Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evolution of the eastern part of the Kuusamo Ice Lobe, based on geomorphological interpretation of high-resolution LiDAR data

Sarala¹,

Räisänen²

2017

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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“…In Scandinavia, high-resolution DEM and LiDAR imagery has been employed to study a wide range of geomorphological features such as De Geer recessional moraines (Bouvier et al, 2015;Dowling et al, 2016;Ojala 2016), ribbed and hummocky moraine areas (Möller & Dowling, 2015), subglacial meltwater systems , beach ridges, cliffs and shore terraces (Ojala et al, 2013), fluvial terraces, floods plains, lateral meltwater channels (Eilertsen et al, 2015), postglacial fault scarps and landslides, and surface features related to paleoseismic events (e.g. Sutinen et al, 2014;Mikko et al, 2015;Palmu et al, 2015), together with bedrock lineaments, fracture sets and fissures (Scheiber et al, 2015;Skyttä et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution LiDAR mapping of glacial landforms and ice stream lobes in Finland

Putkinen¹,

Eyles²,

Putkinen³

et al. 2017

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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Newly available high resolution airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology is generating unprecedented next-generation imagery of Earth surface features. LiDAR datasets are being employed by the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) as part of a new national geological initiative (Glacier Dynamic database: GDdatabase) to rapidly and cost-effectively map glacial landforms and sediments left by the last (Late Weichselian) Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS). There is a high demand for such data in hydrogeological, geoengineering and mineral exploration projects and also for the identification of glacial landforms that provide key information regarding ice sheet rheology, growth and decay. An important step forward with this new technique is the recognition of paleoice stream corridors with fast flowing ice (> 3 km yr -1 based on modern ice sheets), surrounded by stagnant or sluggish-flowing ice. Precise geomorphic criteria are now available for recognition of paleo-ice streams, based on the elongation of subglacial streamlined bedforms and the presence of megascale glacial lineations. Flow sets of drumlins and megascale glacial lineations can now be mapped in high resolution using LiDAR and are now seen as genetically related forms in a continuum that records increasing ice flow velocity and the creation of a low friction bed. This paper briefly outlines the nature of the GDdatabase and the methodology behind its construction and provides examples of principal bedform types that record the dynamic interplay of paleo-ice stream lobes in the Finnish sector of the last FIS.

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Subglacial bed form morphology controlled by ice speed and sediment thickness

Barchyn

Dowling

Stokes

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Subglacial bed forms (drumlins, ribbed moraines, and megascale glacial lineations) are enigmatic repetitive flow‐parallel and flow‐transverse landforms common in glaciated landscapes. Their evolution and morphology are a potentially powerful constraint for ice sheet modeling, but there is little consensus on bed form dynamics or formative mechanisms. Here we explore shallow sediment bed form dynamics via a simple model that iterates (i) down‐flow till flux, (ii) pressure gradient‐driven till flux, and (iii) entrainment and deposition of sediment. Under various boundary conditions, replicas of subglacial bed forms readily emerge. Bed form dynamics mirror those in subaqueous and aeolian domains. Transitions between ribbed moraines and elongate flow‐parallel bed forms are associated with increasing ice speeds and declining sediment thickness. These simulations provide quantitative flux estimates and suggest that widely observed transitions in shallow sediment subglacial bed forms (e.g., ribbed moraines to drumlinoids to megascale glacial lineations) are manifestations of subtle variations in ice velocity and sediment thickness.

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The importance of thermal boundary transitions on glacial geomorphology; mapping of ribbed/hummocky moraine and streamlined terrain from LiDAR, over Småland, South Sweden

Cited by 27 publications

References 70 publications

Evolution of the eastern part of the Kuusamo Ice Lobe, based on geomorphological interpretation of high-resolution LiDAR data

Evolution of the eastern part of the Kuusamo Ice Lobe, based on geomorphological interpretation of high-resolution LiDAR data

High-resolution LiDAR mapping of glacial landforms and ice stream lobes in Finland

Subglacial bed form morphology controlled by ice speed and sediment thickness

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