The Importance of the Validation of M/EEG With Current Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

Maestú, Fernando; Cuesta, Pablo; Hasan, Omar; Fernández, Alberto; Funke, Michael; Schulz, Paul E.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00017

Cited by 61 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In AD demented patients, the neurodegeneration is in a more advanced stage and it would be expected that the EEG recordings would be affected. Unfortunately, the common issue with studies in the dementia stage of AD is either a lack of amyloid or tau biomarkers, the absence of longitudinal data, and small investigated populations 34 . Longitudinal studies without biomarker confirmation have shown that, in line with our results, more severe EEG abnormalities correlate with a faster cognitive decline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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The predictive value of normal EEGs in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

Briels

Stam

Scheltens

et al. 2021

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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Objective To determine differences in clinical presentation and disease progression between patients with dementia due to AD with visually normal and abnormal EEG recordings. We hypothesized that patients with normal electroencephalographs (EEGs) are a representation of the heterogeneity of AD. We expected this group to have a phenotype with relatively predominant hippocampal atrophy, memory deficits, and a slower disease progression. Methods Patients were included based on diagnosis of dementia due to AD, positive amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and the availability of EEG recordings. Patients were categorized in groups of normal (N = 208) and abnormal (N = 336) EEG recordings based on visual assessment by experienced neurophysiologists. At baseline demographics, cognitive, MRI, and CSF measures were compared between groups. Cognitive data from follow‐up visits were assessed by linear mixed‐effects models (LMMs), and corrected for baseline value, sex, age, and educational level, to compare cognitive deterioration over time between groups. Results About 1 in 4.5 patients with AD dementia had a visually normal EEG and this group showed better overall cognitive performance compared to the abnormal group, where memory was the most prominent affected domain. The normal group showed less global and parietal but similar medial temporal atrophy. Follow‐up data showed a slower deterioration on all tested cognitive domains in the normal EEG group. Interpretation Patients with dementia due to AD and visually normal EEG recordings showed a milder clinical presentation and had a milder disease progression compared to patients with an abnormal EEG. These results provide evidence of clinical and biological heterogeneity within AD dementia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The relation between CSF tau and EEG is difficult as these markers seem to develop differently over time. As literature is sparse, future studies should investigate the cross‐sectional and longitudinal correlations between EEG and CSF AD markers 34 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictive value of normal EEGs in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

Briels

Stam

Scheltens

et al. 2021

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…Thus, the clinical application of in vivo biomarkers for amyloid and tau pathology (eg, positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid analysis) has attracted attention in recent years. However, general clinical use of these tests is difficult due to problems such as their invasiveness and cost 3 . For these reasons, there is an urgent need to develop non‐invasive, easy to perform, and low‐cost biomarkers for early diagnosis of MCI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of VEPs as electrodiagnostic biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment

Yamasaki

2020

Neurology & Clinical Neurosc

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its precursor, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are characterized by early onset of visuospatial impairment along with memory impairment and disorientation. Based on these clinical features, I hypothesized that visual impairment might be a candidate biomarker for early electrodiagnosis of MCI. Therefore, I have been focusing on the application of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) as a non‐invasive, simple, and objective method for evaluating visual impairment in MCI patients. In this review, I first outline the concept of the human visual system. Second, I briefly mention the basic technology of VEPs. Then, I describe the previous VEP studies on AD and MCI. These VEP studies have reported that the lower‐level visual pathways are less likely to be involved in AD and MCI, whereas the higher‐level visual streams frequently show VEP abnormalities. Finally, I introduce my new VEP techniques for examining visual impairment in MCI. VEPs with multimodal visual stimuli (especially, optic flow motion) are useful for distinguishing MCI patients from non‐impaired individuals. It may also be feasible to discriminate the type of dementia responsible for MCI. From this review, I stress that VEPs are plausible biomarkers for the early electrodiagnosis of MCI.

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“…Another possible explanation would concur with the results obtained in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's; Lopez et al [65] found increased functional brain activity in anterior circuits using magnetoencephalography in mild cognitive impairment (an early condition in dementia). In [66], it was suggested that this hyperactivity may be one of the earliest dysfunctions of the pathophysiological process of neurodegeneration and would subsequently decline as dementia develops [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Filter Applied to Multifocal Electroretinograms in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

Santiago

Castillo

García‐Martín

et al. 2019

Sensors

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As multiple sclerosis (MS) usually affects the visual pathway, visual electrophysiological tests can be used to diagnose it. The objective of this paper is to research methods for processing multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) recordings to improve the capacity to diagnose MS. MfERG recordings from 15 early-stage MS patients without a history of optic neuritis and from 6 control subjects were examined. A normative database was built from the control subject signals. The mfERG recordings were filtered using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The correlation with the signals in a normative database was used as the classification feature. Using EMD-based filtering and performance correlation, the mean area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.90. The greatest discriminant capacity was obtained in ring 4 and in the inferior nasal quadrant (AUC values of 0.96 and 0.94, respectively). Our results suggest that the combination of filtering mfERG recordings using EMD and calculating the correlation with a normative database would make mfERG waveform analysis applicable to assessment of multiple sclerosis in early-stage patients. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, E.G.-M., M.J.R., E.M.S.M., and L.B.; methodology, L.d.S., M.O.d.C., C.C., J.M.M., A.L., and B.C.; software, L.d.S., M.O.d.C., C.C., J.M.M., and A.L.; validation, L.d.S., M.O.d.C., C.C., J.M.M., and A.L.; formal Analysis, M.O.d.C. and J.M.M.; investigation, E.G.-M., M.J.R., E.M.S.M., and L.B.; resources, L.B. and E.G.-M.; data Curation, L.d.S., M.O.d.C., C.C., J.M.M., A.L., and B.C.; writing-original draft preparation, L.B., E.G.-M., and M.J.R.; writing-review and editing, L.B., E.G.-M., and M.J.R.; visualization, L.B. and E.G.-M.; supervision, L.B. and E.G.-M.; project administration, L.B. and E.G.-M.; funding acquisition, L.B. and E.G.-M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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The Importance of the Validation of M/EEG With Current Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 61 publications

References 83 publications

The predictive value of normal EEGs in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

The predictive value of normal EEGs in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

Use of VEPs as electrodiagnostic biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment

Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Filter Applied to Multifocal Electroretinograms in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

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