The importance of the type of sport and life experience in the dual career in elite sport based on the analysis of Poland

Abstract

Open Access License:This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. abstract BackgroundThe objective of this study is to check whether the type of sport is important for the development of the dual career in professional sport. Material/MethodsThis study utilised the Chi-square test of the independence measurement model and student's T test. It also analysed 7 scenarios. A final survey-list consisted of the 38 items of competences and it was completed by 243 young people who took part in this study; the sample included 151 (67.7%) athletes training individual disciplines and 72 (32.3%) team disciplines. ResultsThe statistically significant results between the groups are in terms of competence (scenarios 3 and 6). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of life experience. ConclusionsResults in both parts of the study confirmed the three hypotheses. It turned out that the type of sport does not affect the course of the dual career in professional athletes.

Dual-career through the elite university student-athletes’ lenses: The international FISU-EAS survey

“…In the European dual career literature, differences in relation to sport typology have been reported on motivation towards dual career [48,49], dual career competencies [28], and university major orientation [50]. The present study adds to this knowledge reporting differences for sport engagement, with student-athletes from individual sports dedicating more time (around 3 hr·week -1 ) to sport with respect to their team sports counterparts.…”

“…In the last decade, there has been an increased number of scholars interested in dual career issues in relation to culture and socio-cultural contexts, which have been summarized in two systematic literature reviews [14,23]. Scholars were particularly interested in athlete’s identity [24–26] and competences [27,28], the motivation of student-athletes towards academic and sport careers [25,26,29–35], and career development and transitions of athletes [1,12,36–38], the latter being the topic of a dedicated special issue of the Journal of Psychology of Sport and Exercise [22]. However, there is a need of cross-national comparative studies to uncover differences in relation to the sex, age, sport discipline, length, and level of the sporting experience, training and academic commitments, educational level, socioeconomic and contextual policy, and organizational variables [39].…”

Dual career of junior athletes: Identifying challenges, available resources, and roles of social support providers (Carrera dual de deportistas junior: identificando retos, recursos disponibles, y roles de apoyo social)

“…Balancing between two different commitments, sport and education, has been demonstrated as one of the significant challenges for Dual Career (DC) athletes, namely student athletes (European Commission, 2012). Research has emphasised that it is integral to understand DC athletes' lives at a different stage and development (Graczyk, Wylleman, Nawrocka, Atroszko, Moska et al, 2017). A DC is defined as an integration of sport with academic or vocational work, which can provide benefits (e.g.…”

Spanish Pre-Olympic Athletes’ Motivations and Barriers to Pursuing Dual Career as a Function of Sociodemographic, Sport and Academic Variables

“…An increase in the intrinsic motivation needed to continue studying and competing when they receive institutional scholarships has also been found ( Guirola Gómez et al, 2018 ; Gavala-González et al, 2019 ), and student-athletes seem to have a higher perception of social support than non-students ( Fuchs et al, 2016 ; Harrison et al, 2020 ). Beyond the psychological benefits, the dual career offers athletes numerous possibilities for personal, financial, social and health development, allowing them to acquire different skills that are transferable to different areas of their lives ( Graczyk et al, 2017 ). Therefore, the dual career is understood as an occupation that provides educational and sporting benefits and results in the comprehensive and balanced development of the athlete, which facilitates their adaptation to different situations of daily life, as well as the process of sporting retirement ( Guirola Gómez et al, 2018 ; De Subijana et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Considering the sports level, professional athletes experience greater difficulties in reconciling sports and academic life, and perceive their integration into the workplace more negatively than amateur athletes ( De Subijana et al, 2018 ). Regarding the sports modality, there is controversy in this area, and it is unknown whether it is individual or team athletes who have more difficulties ( Tekavc et al, 2015 ; Fuchs et al, 2016 ; Graczyk et al, 2017 ; Condello et al, 2019 ; De Subijana et al, 2020 ). Finally, with respect to perceived aid, the athletes who obtain a scholarship to study complete their studies to a greater extent than those who do not have any aid ( Coelho et al, 2021 ).…”