“…The rate of ipsilateral breast recurrences has been reported to vary between 9% and 35% in patients not receiving postoperative irradiation after breast-preserving surgery. Postoperative radiation reduces the local recurrence rate to about one third (Kurtz et al, 1989;Clark et al, 1992;van Dongen et al, 1992, Veronesi et al, 1993Liljegren et al, 1994;Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group, 1995;Fisher et al, 1995;Veronesi et al, 1995;Forrest et al, 1996;Liljegren et al, 1996;Renton et al 1996), and it has reduced the risk of recurrence after breast-preserving surgery in randomized studies regardless of whether tumours 2 cm or smaller (Liljegren et al, 1999), tumours smaller than 2.5 cm (Veronesi et al, 1993), or 4 cm or smaller in diameter (Clark et al, 1992;Fisher et al, 1995;Forrest et al, 1996) had been accrued, and regardless of whether only invasive or purely intraductal cancers were included in the studies (Fisher et al, 1998).…”