The importance of the convulsion in occurrence and rate of development of electroconvulsive threshold elevation

Essig, Carl F.; Flanary, Harold G.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(66)90129-4

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Animal studies showed appearance of spontaneous seizures in cats during the course of electroconvulsive shock (ECS). 6,7 Spontaneous seizures were more common when the ECS was given on alternate days, a course similar to ECT. 8 Then, the question arose whether the inducing seizures of ECT would result into subsequent spontaneous epileptic seizures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Electroconvulsive Therapy Cause Epilepsy?

Ray¹

2013

The Journal of ECT

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Electroconvulsive Therapy Cause Epilepsy?

Ray¹

2013

The Journal of ECT

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“…The intensity at which each animal undergoes seizures comprises the convulsive threshold (CT) for that subject. Since Essig and Flanery (1966) have reported compounding effects resulting from sequential administration of ECS. leading to an increase in CT. any subject that does not convulse with 9.0 mA intensity is assigned a CT of 9.5 rnA; this occurs in 7 of 64 (11 %) experimental animals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural excitability after paradoxical sleep deprivation: A replication and further examination

Handwerker

Fishbein

1975

Psychobiology

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Mice that are deprived of paradoxical sleep (PS) for 3 days and given electroconvulsive shock (ECS) at one of several intervals after PS deprivation, display a reductio'n in brain-seizure thresholds. Brain-seizure thresholds are invariant in comparable groups of animals that are not deprived of PS. A shortening of the tonic phase of the convulsion is also observed in the PS-deprived animals; these findings suggest that PS-deprived animals receiving compensatory brain stimulation undergo a less severe convulsion. The experimental findings are interpreted to suggest that PS deprivation produces a central-neural change, during which time the brain is much more susceptible to agents that produce amnesia.We have recently produced data showing that electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administered systematically to mice after paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), produces memory disruption (retrograde amnesia) by either: (1) interfering with the maintenance of memory (Fishbein, 1971;Fishbein, McGaugh, & Swarz, 1971 and confirmed by Wolfowitz andHoldstock, 1971, in the rat), or by (2) prolonging the fixation phase of the memory-consolidation gradient (Fishbein, 1972). In effect, it appears that PSD prolongs the time that ECS is an effective amnesic agent. Moreover, our findings suggest that the experimental approach of using the synergistic effects of PSD and ECS, rather than PSD alone, is a very fruitful way of uncovering the relationship between PS and memory .Since the underlying biological bases of the synergistic memory-disturbing effects of the PSD + ECS treatment remains unclear, the present experiment was undertaken for the purpose of examining: (1) whether a central-neural change can be detected by the treatment, and (2) the time course of the change, if such a change exists. We imagined that an examination of brain neuroexcitability thresholds might provide at least one measure of the effects that the PSD + ECS treatment has on brain function; the present paper reports on the changes we have observed. METHOD SubjectsThe subjects are 128 F 2 mice, 60-70 days old, derived from DBA/2J and C57BL/6J strains, obtained from our laboratory's breeding stock. ApparatusA Lafayette A615B constant-current shocker is used to induce

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“…It is now known that ECS-induced seizures provide protection against subsequent seizures. For instance, animal studies have shown that in the post-ictal period increased electric current (Essig and Flanary, 1966;Herberg et al 1969) and increased doses of certain chemical convulsants (Nutt et al, 1981) are required to produce seizures. Furthermore, ECT has also been used to treat epilepsy in man (see Sackheim et al., 1983).…”

Section: Behavioural Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Does electroconvulsive shock therapy work through opioid mechanisms?

Jackson¹,

Nutt²

1990

Human Psychopharmacology

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It is now well-established that electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is the most effective treatment for severe depression. Over the past two decades a great deal of new information has been obtained regarding its neuropharmacological basis. The present review examines evidence that the behavioural and mood-elevating actions of ECS are mediated through changes in the function of opioid receptors or their endogenous transmitters. The recent discovery of stable, non-peptide ligands for the K-and &receptor subtypes are detailed, and the prospects for a new phase of research in this area are expounded.

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The importance of the convulsion in occurrence and rate of development of electroconvulsive threshold elevation

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Does Electroconvulsive Therapy Cause Epilepsy?

Does Electroconvulsive Therapy Cause Epilepsy?

Neural excitability after paradoxical sleep deprivation: A replication and further examination

Does electroconvulsive shock therapy work through opioid mechanisms?

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