The Importance of the Cholinergic System in Neurourology

Andersson, Karl Erik

doi:10.1159/000052266

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…9 For acetylcholine, stimulation of NO release derived from eNOS not located in the endothelium was also found up to now. 10 Acetylcholine, one of the key transmitters for the erectile function, 11 has been shown to act as a relaxant stimulus in the corpora cavernosa of rats, by means of activation of nNOS and eNOS-derived NO release. 12 Other researchers were able to demonstrate acetylcholine as an activator of Akt=PKB and MAP Kinase 1=2 (Erk 1=2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAP kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and serine/threonine specific protein kinase Akt/PKB expression and activity in the human corpus cavernosum

Sommer¹,

Klotz²,

Steinritz³

et al. 2002

Int J Impot Res

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator in the cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation that causes erections. The purpose of this study was to examine the existence, distribution and phosphorylation stage of two recently discovered key enzymes for NO regulation in human cavernosal tissue, the MAP Kinase 1=2 (Erk 1=2) and the serine=threonine specific protein kinase Akt=PKB. The expression of the enzymes was examined in corpus cavernosum specimens taken from both potent men and from patients with long-term impotence. There was a distinct difference in the activation stage of the MAP Kinase 1=2 (Erk 1=2) between endothelium and smooth muscle cells in potent patients. This finding gives evidence for a cell-type-specific regulation of the eNOS-dependent NO release. Furthermore, we found a higher basal level of active MAP Kinase 1=2 (Erk 1=2) in impotent patients. This finding gives the first evidence for an inhibitory influence of MAP Kinase 1=2 (Erk 1=2) on cavernosal eNOS activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAP kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and serine/threonine specific protein kinase Akt/PKB expression and activity in the human corpus cavernosum

Sommer¹,

Klotz²,

Steinritz³

et al. 2002

Int J Impot Res

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“…The other eight studies were before/after surveys, without a control group [28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 45, 47, 50]. The target populations were staff working in hospitals and nursing homes, including nurses [35, 37–39, 41–43, 45, 47–49, 51], surgeons (3 studies) [27, 44, 46], medical students (4 studies) [25,32,36,52] and other health care workers (8 studies) [26, 28–30, 33–34, 40, 50]. Seventeen studies reported their funding resources [26, 28–31, 33–37, 43, 45–49, 52] and eleven were supported by public funding [26–28, 32–35,41,43–44,46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seventeen studies reported their funding resources [26, 28–31, 33–37, 43, 45–49, 52] and eleven were supported by public funding [26–28, 32–35,41,43–44,46]. Nine studies did not report funding source [27, 32, 38–40, 42,44–45,51]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen studies of physical ergonomic interventions [25–29, 36–37, 40, 43–44, 46, 50, 52] primarily focused on the change of working posture, the physical design of medical equipment (dentistry chairs, laparoscopic grasping tools, patient-controlled analgesia, and bag-valve mask) and workplaces. Four studies performed cognitive ergonomic interventions [30, 38–39, 51] (e.g., HFE education or training).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of the Effects of Human Factors and Ergonomics on Health Care and Patient Safety Practices: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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BackgroundFrom the viewpoint of human factors and ergonomics (HFE), errors often occur because of the mismatch between the system, technique and characteristics of the human body. HFE is a scientific discipline concerned with understanding interactions between human behavior, system design and safety.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of HFE interventions in improving health care workers’ outcomes and patient safety and to assess the quality of the available evidence.MethodsWe searched databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews and the CBM (Chinese BioMedical Literature Database), for articles published from 1996 to Mar.2015. The quality assessment tool was based on the risk of bias criteria developed by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) Group. The interventions of the included studies were categorized into four relevant domains, as defined by the International Ergonomics Association.ResultsFor this descriptive study, we identified 8, 949 studies based on our initial search. Finally, 28 studies with 3,227 participants were included. Among the 28 included studies, 20 studies were controlled studies, two of which were randomized controlled trials. The other eight studies were before/after surveys, without controls. Most of the studies were of moderate or low quality. Five broad categories of outcomes were identified in this study: 1) medical errors or patient safety, 2) health care workers’ quality of working life (e.g. reduced fatigue, discomfort, workload, pain and injury), 3) user performance (e.g., efficiency or accuracy), 4) health care workers’ attitudes towards the interventions(e.g., satisfaction and preference), and 5) economic evaluations.ConclusionThe results showed that the interventions positively affected the outcomes of health care workers. Few studies considered the financial merits of these interventions. Most of the included studies were of moderate quality. This review highlights the need for scientific and standardized guidelines regarding how HFE should be implemented in health care.

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“…Within the same ganglia, we also found neuronal cell bodies that did not stain with TOH. Because there is also a parasympathetic supply to the prostate (de Groat and Booth, 1980; Kepper and Keast, 1995;Andersson, 1998;Orr and Marson, 1998), it is possible that these unlabeled neuronal cell bodies are postganglionic parasympathetic in nature. Further investigations using markers for acetylcholine or nitric oxidase (Alm et al, 1993;Ekblad et al, 1994) are underway to identify these neuronal cell bodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the pelvic plexus and innervation of the prostate gland

et al. 2004

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We have examined the anatomy of the pelvic (inferior hypogastric) plexus in six male cadavers, paying particular attention to gross anatomical landmarks that might aid in locating it and have used immunohistochemistry to study the small branches of the plexus that supply the prostate gland. The pelvic plexus was found two finger breadths lateral to the third anterior sacral foramina, lying deep to a line drawn from third sacral vertebra, the conventional level of the recto-sigmoid junction, and the palpable posterior superior surface of the pubic symphysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed small nerve branches from the pelvic plexus entering the prostate gland and the presence of ganglia within the prostate gland that contained both tyrosine hydroxylase positive and negative neuronal cell bodies. This information may be useful in nerve-sparing surgical procedures and in discussions of the functional implications of perturbations of prostate innervation.

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The Importance of the Cholinergic System in Neurourology

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

MAP kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and serine/threonine specific protein kinase Akt/PKB expression and activity in the human corpus cavernosum

MAP kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and serine/threonine specific protein kinase Akt/PKB expression and activity in the human corpus cavernosum

An Evaluation of the Effects of Human Factors and Ergonomics on Health Care and Patient Safety Practices: A Systematic Review

Anatomy of the pelvic plexus and innervation of the prostate gland

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