The importance of the anthesis-silking interval in breeding for drought tolerance in tropical maize

Bolaños, J.; Edmeades, G.O.

doi:10.1016/0378-4290(96)00036-6

Cited by 507 publications

(390 citation statements)

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“…Selection against silk delay has been one of the most effective breeding methods to improve maize tolerance to environmental stresses (Russel, 1991). Poorly synchronized plants are automatically eliminated during the inbreed breeding process (Bolaños & Edmeades, 1996). As a result of that, modern hybrids are better adapted to tolerate high plant densities which is a reflection of increased stress tolerance .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilization impact on agronomic traits of maize hybrids released at different decades

Sangoi

Ender

Guidolin

et al. 2001

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Genetic selection of maize hybrids is often conducted using high N rates during the breeding cycle. This procedure may either lead to the release of genotypes that present nitrogen luxury consumption or require a stronger N input to accomplish their yield potential. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of N rates on grain yield and N use efficiency of hybrids cultivated in different decades in Southern Brazil. The trial was performed in Lages, Santa Catarina State. A split plot design was used. Hybrids Ag 12, Ag 28, Ag 303 and Ag 9012, released during the 60 s, 70 s, 80 s and 90 s, respectively, were evaluated in the main plots. Nitrogen rates equivalent to 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha -1 were side-dressed in the split-plots when each hybrid had six fully expanded leaves. Modern-day hybrid Ag 9012 had higher grain yield than hybrids of earlier eras, regardless of N rates. Under high doses of N, the older hybrids Ag 12 and Ag 28 took up more N and presented higher values of shoot dry matter at flowering than Ag 9012. Nonetheless, they set less grains per ear which contributed to decrease their grain yield and N use efficiency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilization impact on agronomic traits of maize hybrids released at different decades

Sangoi

Ender

Guidolin

et al. 2001

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…Bolaños & Edmeades (1996) as characteristic of N deficient environment. These authors suggested that the average obtained under abiotic stress conditions is between 20 and 30% lower than that achieved by the same genetic group in an equivalent environment free from stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in tropical maize

Souza

Miranda

Galvão

et al. 2008

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objectives of this work were to study the genetic control of grain yield (GY) and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE, grain yield/N applied) and its primary components, N uptake efficiency (NUpE, N uptake/N applied) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE, grain yield/N uptake), in maize grown in environments with high and low N availability. Experiments with 31 maize genotypes (28 hybrid crosses and three controls) were carried out in soils with high and low N rates, in the southeast of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There was a reduction of 23.2% in average GY for maize grown in soil with low N, in comparison to that obtained with high N. There were 26.5, 199 and 400% increases in NUtE, NUpE, and NUE, respectively, for maize grown with low N. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for GY, NUE and NUpE for maize grown in high N soil. Only GCA was significant for NUpE for maize grown in low N soil. The GCA and SCA for NUtE were not significant in either environment. Additive and non-additive genetic effects are responsible for the genetic control of NUE and GY for maize grown in soils with high N availability, although additive effects are more important. Index terms: Zea mays, abiotic stress, absorption efficiency, combining ability, commercial hybrids, utilization efficiency. Controle genético da produção de grão e da eficiência de uso do nitrogênio em milho tropicalResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o controle genético da produtividade de grãos (PG) e da eficiência no uso de nitrogênio (EUN, produção de grãos/N aplicado) e seus componentes primários -eficiência de absorção (EAbN, N absorvido/N aplicado) e utilização (EUtN, produção de grãos/N absorvido) -, em milho cultivado em ambientes com alta e baixa disponibilidade de nitrogênio. Trinta e um genótipos de milho (28 cruzamentos entre híbridos comerciais e três testemunhas) foram avaliados em solos com alta e baixa doses de aplicação de N. Houve redução de 23,2% na média de PG em milho cultivado em solo com baixo teor de N, em relação à obtida com alto N.

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“…Low values of ASI are an indication of synchronism in the flowering time, which means an adaptation for better yield under drought condition, as a partial consequence of a high water potential during the flowering time. According to Bolanos and Edmeades (1996), for maize associated with grain yield under stress, in descending order of importance have been kernel number (barrenness; kernel number per ear), a short ASI; increased leaf erectness; reduced canopy temperature; and increased visual stay green and kernel weight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%