The importance of technology policy

Ergas, Henry

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511559938.005

Cited by 109 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…But the full utility of such independent contributions depends on developing integrated knowledge systems, a lesson already learned in the agriculture, defense, and health sectors, but generally neglected elsewhere. In general, such systems function as mechanisms systematically to motivate and harness relevant R&D work in support of problem-solving and decision-making activities (14,(32)(33)(34). For R&D to address the challenges posed by sustainability, our work confirms the great need to strengthen the ''demand'' side of the dialogue between experts and decision makers involved in action programs for sustainability (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The postwar international agricultural research system was developed to apply S&T to enhance agricultural productivity, with several related efforts coordinated under CGIAR sponsored by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations since the early 1970s. These efforts are widely seen as responsible for the ''green revolution,'' including major advances in crop production, increasing dependence of developing country farmers on multinational seed and fertilizer corporations, and concerns about lack of attention to the strengths of local agro-ecosystems (14,33). Our research focused not on the international system as a whole, but on an emerging technology development effort at one of CGIAR's 16 international research centers, the Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, the international maize and wheat improvement center (CIMMYT).…”

Section: Case Studies In Knowledge Systems For Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge systems for sustainable development

Cash

Clark

Alcock

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

2,834

2,167

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The challenge of meeting human development needs while protecting the earth's life support systems confronts scientists, technologists, policy makers, and communities from local to global levels. Many believe that science and technology (S&T) must play a more central role in sustainable development, yet little systematic scholarship exists on how to create institutions that effectively harness S&T for sustainability. This study suggests that efforts to mobilize S&T for sustainability are more likely to be effective when they manage boundaries between knowledge and action in ways that simultaneously enhance the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of the information they produce. Effective systems apply a variety of institutional mechanisms that facilitate communication, translation and mediation across boundaries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Case Studies In Knowledge Systems For Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge systems for sustainable development

Cash

Clark

Alcock

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

2,834

2,167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More generally, the policy stances adopted in these years can be seen as including the following : a) A shift from « mission » towards « diffusion » in the orientation of policies, to adopt the terminology of Ergas (1987), who had found the execution of such mission orientation weaker in the UK than in other primarily missionfocused countries like France or the USA. b) Despite this a level of expenditure on military R&D that continued to be high, still some 36 % of total GERD as late as 1997/8 despite the ending of the « Cold War » at the start of the 1990s.…”

Section: The Middle Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology and technology policy in the postwar UK : « market failure » or « network failure » ?

Tunzelmann¹

2010

rei

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The case for government intervention via technology policy in the UK in the later 20th century was typically justified by « market failure » arguments. In this paper I argue firstly that an analysis of technology trends indicates that non-market failures, mainly systemic and dynamic in nature, were a more basic source of British technological shortcomings. Secondly, an analysis of trends in technology policy suggests that narrowly economics-based views too often hampered good intentions to reform policy along more appropriate lines, and restricted development of any serious capabilities for « policy learning » in the field. The main line of argument represents an application of the Richardson-Sen model of capabilities and networking to the government/policy field. There follows a discussion of policy learning in a context of network misalignment and systemic failure over the longer term of British technology policy, although there have been more encouraging efforts to overcome some of these problems in recent times. The paper concludes that « market failure » is at best a gross simplification of the issues confronting British technology policy in this era, and often an obstruction in the way of applying more constructive network-oriented policies.

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“…À l'organisation verticale dominée par les ministères et les grands programmes nationaux doit alors se substituer une organisation territoriale dans laquelle les processus locaux sont pris en charge par les grandes entreprises chargées de coordonner les acteurs locaux autour de projets de recherche-développement. Ainsi, d'un système « missionoriented » (Ergas, 1987) en vigueur jusque dans les années 1980, la France s'est déplacée vers un système d'organisation de la recherche et de la technologie modelé par la convention de l'État facilitateur ou situé. Ce faisant, le pays a d'une certaine façon adopté le modèle utilisé dans les systèmes sociaux d'innovation et de production de type « intégration européenne » ou « public » (Amable et Petit, 2002).…”

Section: Des Politiques D'innovation Peu Adaptée Aux Pmeunclassified

Place et rôle des PME dans la dynamique de l’innovation

Carré

Levratto

2009

ipme

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RésuméCe texte cherche à établir les raisons de la modeste participation des PME à l’innovation technologique malgré les politiques de soutien mises en place depuis plus de 20 ans. Nous abordons cette question à partir d’une analyse rétrospective des différents dispositifs institutionnels mobilisés et en montrant comment les actions mises en oeuvre ont oscillé entre aménagement du territoire et renforcement du système national de recherche et développement. Il apparaît alors que la relative faiblesse de leur participation et leur position adventice s’expliquent moins par les formes particulières des dispositifs en cause que par les politiques de soutien à ces entreprises mises en place.La première partie montre que la modeste implication des PME aux programmes nationaux d’innovation résulte à la fois d’un manque de ciblage sur cette catégorie d’entreprises et de l’insuffisante mise en réseau de la plupart des entreprises constitutives de ce sous-ensemble. La deuxième partie indique comment les pôles de compétitivité ont cherché à contourner ces handicaps grâce à leurs modalités de définition et leur mode d’organisation interne. La troisième partie, plus prospective, dresse un premier bilan de la mise en place des pôles de compétitivité et de l’effet dynamisant sur l’innovation par et dans les PME.

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The importance of technology policy

Cited by 109 publications

References 0 publications

Knowledge systems for sustainable development

Knowledge systems for sustainable development

Technology and technology policy in the postwar UK : « market failure » or « network failure » ?

Place et rôle des PME dans la dynamique de l’innovation

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