The Importance of Subjective Cognitive Decline Recognition and the Potential of Molecular and Neurophysiological Biomarkers—A Systematic Review

Abstract

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neurophysiological markers such as electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) are emerging as alternatives to traditional molecular and imaging markers. This paper aimed to review the literature on EEG and ERP markers in individuals with SCD. We analysed 30 studies that met our criteria, with 17 focusing on resting-state or cognitive task EEG, 11 on ERPs, and two on both EEG and ERP parameters. Typical spectral changes were indicative of EEG rhythm slowing and were associated with faster clinical progression, lower education levels, and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers profiles. Some studies found no difference in ERP components between SCD subjects, controls, or MCI, while others reported lower amplitudes in the SCD group compared to controls. Further research is needed to explore the prognostic value of EEG and ERP in relation to molecular markers in individuals with SCD.

Субъективное Когнитивное Снижение (Терминологические И Диагностические Границы)

“…Приводятся дополнения к уточнению категории риска конвертации в клиническую БА при наличии тревоги, положительных биомаркеров БА у пожилых с жалобами на когнитивное снижение в виде стратификации пациентов на отдельные группы на основе наличия/отсутствия определенных характеристик заболевания [31]. Риск предсказания положительного биомаркера AD увеличивается при наличии субъективного когнитивного снижения, что обозначается как «SCD+» [32,33,34].…”

Changes in cognitive ability and serum microRNA levels during aging in mice

“…MCI can be reversed and diagnosis at an early stage is crucial to control the progression to dementia. Currently, neuropsychological testing ( 4 ), transcranial ultrasonography ( 5 ), near-infrared spectroscopy that enables measurement of hemoglobin concentration changes in the brain ( 6 ), magnetic resonance imaging ( 7 ), detection of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, detection of such as amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau protein in spinal fluid ( 8 , 9 ), electroencephalography ( 10 ), and olfaction tests ( 11 ) are the diagnostic modalities used to diagnose dementia. However, all of these testing methods are useful in diagnosing dementia, but they cannot detect MCI with sensitivity.…”