The importance of sub-angstrom distances in mixed surfactant systems for technological processes

Stabilization of High Ionic Strength Slurries Using Surfactant Mixtures: Molecular Factors That Determine Optimal Stability

“…Hydrocarbon chain interactions have been shown to be maximal for equal chain lengths of ionic and nonionic surfactant (17)(18)(19). However, the driving force for partitioning of nonionic surfactant out of the aqueous phase and onto the surface increases with increasing hydrophobicity of nonionic surfactant according to a semiquantitative extension of Traube's rule (20) made by Freundlich (21).…”

Stabilization of High Ionic Strength Slurries Using the Synergistic Effects of a Mixed Surfactant System

“…The main influences on the strength of hydrocarbon chain interactions are the relative hydrocarbon chain lengths and the presence of steric barriers. Hydrocarbon chain interactions have been shown to be maximum for systems in which the relative hydrocarbon chain lengths are equal (16)(17)(18). However, interactions will not occur at all if steric barriers are present which interfere with one monomer's ability to orient with its hydrocarbon chain in close proximity to the other monomer.…”

Effect of Degree, Type, and Position of Unsaturation on the pKa of Long-Chain Fatty Acids

“…Among the important properties of a surfactant that dictate the strength, elasticity, and stability of an adsorbed film are surface activity, chain length compatibility, and chain cohesion (1,2), as well as the interaction between polar groups of the molecules in the monolayer (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). All of these factors contribute to the intermolecular distance and the overall stability of the monolayer.…”