The Importance of Reproduction for the Conservation of Slow-Growing Animal Populations

Manlik, Oliver

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_2

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The authors were authorized by the Undersecretary of Fisheries, Republic of Chile, to obtain the biological material in four season sampling (Exempt Resolutions No. 1253/2018and 1720/2019. Sampling was performed in November, 2018 (n = 145), and March (n = 141), May (n = 65) and July, 2019 (n = 165).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive aspects of the poorly known and critically endangered freshwater snailHeleobia atacamensis(Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea)

Collado

Chihuailaf²,

Muñoz-Herrera³

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Knowing the reproductive biology of threatened species is essential for conservation and to establish proper management plans. Heleobia atacamensis, a freshwater snail only known from two locations in the Atacama Saltpan, northern Chile, is currently classified as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List and Critically Endangered by the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente of Chile. Based on size-frequency distribution, multivariate analysis of shell measurements, and microdissections, we studied the reproductive strategy, recruitment period, sex ratio and sexual dimorphism in this species. Heleobia atacamensis is an oviparous species, with direct development (non-planktotrophic). Females lay capsules of a single egg from which a juvenile resembling a miniature adult hatches after intracapsular metamorphosis is completed. The development type was confirmed by the observation of a paucispiral protoconch (= protoconch I) using scanning electron microscopy. Recruitment was observed across the four seasons of the year, with an increment at the end of austral summer. Results also showed that sex ratio was 1:1, whereas sexual dimorphism was not detected using univariate and multivariate analysis of the shell. The reproductive data provided in this study are a starting point for future management plans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field experiments were approved by the Undersecretary of Fisheries, Republic of Chile (Exempt Resolution No. 1253/2018and 1720/2019.…”

Section: Grant Disclosuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive aspects of the poorly known and critically endangered freshwater snailHeleobia atacamensis(Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea)

Collado

Chihuailaf²,

Muñoz-Herrera³

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…Besides this difference in reproductive rates, the two populations also differ with respect to anthropogenic pressure (Manlik et al, ). The SB population occurs in a remote UNESCO World Heritage area with markedly lower anthropogenic activity, whereas BB inhabits waters adjacent to an expanding regional city and port with comparatively high vessel traffic (Manlik, ; Manlik et al, ; Nicholson, Bejder, Allen, Krützen, & Pollock, ; Smith, Frère, Kobryn, & Bejder, ; Sprogis et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is MHC diversity a better marker for conservation than neutral genetic diversity? A case study of two contrasting dolphin populations

Manlik

Krützen

Kopps

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Genetic diversity is essential for populations to adapt to changing environments. Measures of genetic diversity are often based on selectively neutral markers, such as microsatellites. Genetic diversity to guide conservation management, however, is better reflected by adaptive markers, including genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Our aim was to assess MHC and neutral genetic diversity in two contrasting bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) populations in Western Australia—one apparently viable population with high reproductive output (Shark Bay) and one with lower reproductive output that was forecast to decline (Bunbury). We assessed genetic variation in the two populations by sequencing the MHC class II DQB, which encompasses the functionally important peptide binding regions (PBR). Neutral genetic diversity was assessed by genotyping twenty‐three microsatellite loci. We confirmed that MHC is an adaptive marker in both populations. Overall, the Shark Bay population exhibited greater MHC diversity than the Bunbury population—for example, it displayed greater MHC nucleotide diversity. In contrast, the difference in microsatellite diversity between the two populations was comparatively low. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that viable populations typically display greater genetic diversity than less viable populations. The results also suggest that MHC variation is more closely associated with population viability than neutral genetic variation. Although the inferences from our findings are limited, because we only compared two populations, our results add to a growing number of studies that highlight the usefulness of MHC as a potentially suitable genetic marker for animal conservation. The Shark Bay population, which carries greater adaptive genetic diversity than the Bunbury population, is thus likely more robust to natural or human‐induced changes to the coastal ecosystem it inhabits.

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“…We therefore need reliable information about the species spatiotemporal distribution to manage these risks. The conservation of populations that are not exposed to direct takes, but instead face chronic exposure to non‐lethal disturbances, can be affected by reduced reproductive success (Béchet et al., 2004; Beissinger & Peery, 2007; Crooks, 2002; Manlik, 2019; Manlik et al., 2016; Pirotta et al., 2018; Raithel et al., 2007). Habitat selection may facilitate reproductive success by offering better prey availability, protection from predators or reduction of energy expenditure by providing a more sheltered environment (zu Ermgassen et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism informing conservation: The distribution of four dolphin species varies with calf presence and increases their vulnerability to vessel traffic in the four‐island region of Maui, Hawai‘i

Self

Stack

Currie

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. We need reliable information about the spatial and temporal distribution of mobile species to effectively manage anthropogenic impacts to which they are exposed.Yet, we often cannot sustain dedicated annual surveys and data obtained from platforms of opportunity offer an alternative avenue to understand where these species spend time.2. Four odontocete species that occur in the four-island region of Maui, Hawai'i, USA, are vulnerable to a range of human activities, but there is a lack of information regarding their distribution. We therefore do not know the extent of the risk these activities present for the conservation of these species (bottlenose dolphins, spinner dolphins, Pantropical spotted dolphins and false killer whales).3. We used a cross-validated maximum entropy (MaxEnt) occupancy model to estimate the distribution of these four species in an area extensively observed from platforms of opportunity (PoP). We then determined in a similar fashion whether the calves of those species were more likely to be observed in particular areas and whether distribution changed with season.4. Maxent models relying on local environmental variables described dolphin observations well (AUC > 0.7). Their distribution differed for all species when calves were present, indicating that different environmental variables describe area use for schools with calves present.5. The number of sighting events of all species varied significantly with season. Bottlenose dolphins and false killer whales were more prevalent in winter, while spotted and spinner dolphins were more prevalent in summer.6. We show that an overlap in the distribution of dolphin schools with calves and vessel traffic in the region could result in collision and chronic stress risks. This suggests a need for specific regulations for mitigating anthropogenic influences, such as acoustic disturbance or chronic energetic disturbance from vessel traffic.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The Importance of Reproduction for the Conservation of Slow-Growing Animal Populations

Cited by 15 publications

References 113 publications

Reproductive aspects of the poorly known and critically endangered freshwater snailHeleobia atacamensis(Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea)

Reproductive aspects of the poorly known and critically endangered freshwater snailHeleobia atacamensis(Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea)

Is MHC diversity a better marker for conservation than neutral genetic diversity? A case study of two contrasting dolphin populations

Tourism informing conservation: The distribution of four dolphin species varies with calf presence and increases their vulnerability to vessel traffic in the four‐island region of Maui, Hawai‘i

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