The importance of processing procedures and threshold values in CT scan segmentation of skeletal elements: An example using the immature os coxa

Stock, Michala K.; Garvin, Heather M.; Corron, Louise; Hulse, Cortney N.; Cirillo, Laura E; Klales, Alexandra R.; Colman, Kerri L.; Stull, Kyra E.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110232

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Perhaps not surprisingly, these results suggest that CT-scans may be better-suited for analyses of deeper crevices (dentition), cranial sutures, foramina, fractures, and other biological structures at the point of transition from external to internal morphology. This finding is similar to that of Stock et al (2020), who emphasised the importance of precise processing techniques when viewing complex anatomy, including the epiphyseal plates of subadult materials. The implications here being that the use of 3D scans or low thresholding that artificially "bloat" models may not pick up on the finer details, leading to erroneous biological interpretations.…”

Section: Comparison Pointssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Although often ignored (see Stock et al 2020 for an exception), post-processing is a particularly important step in the analysis of CT images. Several studies have demonstrated that selecting the appropriate window level and thresholding technique is vital for creating accurate 3-D models of the original item (Schwartz et al, 1998;Spoor et al, 1993;Ullrich et al, 1980).…”

Section: Ct Scanning and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), versus simply posting processed models/meshes. This would ensure that models and meshes can be rendered in a manner that yields consistent outputs for a specific project (Stock et al, 2020). For example, a project that is focused upon dentition may use different thresholding techniques compared to that of a project focused on mandibular bone, femur, pelvis, etc.…”

Section: Mesh Comparison (3-d Compare)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Stock et al (2020) investigated the effects of different processing techniques in segmentation of CT scans when modelling human pelvic bones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considerations for post-processing parameters in mixed-method 3-D analyses: A Mesolithic mandibular case study

Selden¹,

butaric²,

Bergstrom³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The production of three-dimensional (3-D) digital meshes of surface and computed tomographic (CT) data has become widespread in morphometric analyses of anthropological and archaeological data. Given that processing methods are not standardised, this leaves questions regarding the comparability of processed and digitally curated 3-D datasets. The goal of this study was to identify those processing parameters that result in the most consistent fit between CT-derived meshes and a 3-D surface model of the same human mandible. Eight meshes, each using unique thresholding and smoothing parameters, were compared to assess whole-object deviations, deviations along curves, and deviations between specific anatomical features on the surface model when compared with the CT scans using a suite of \textit{comparison points}. Based on calculated gap distances, the mesh thresholded at "0" with an applied smoothing technique was found to deviate least from the surface model; although, it is not the most biologically accurate. Results have implications for aggregated studies that employ multi-modal 3-D datasets, and caution is recommended for studies that enlist 3-D data from websites and digital repositories, particularly if processing parameters are unknown or derived for studies with different research foci.

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Section: Comparison Pointssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Ct Scanning and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mesh Comparison (3-d Compare)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Stock et al (2020) investigated the effects of different processing techniques in segmentation of CT scans when modelling human pelvic bones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Considerations for post-processing parameters in mixed-method 3-D analyses: A Mesolithic mandibular case study

Selden¹,

butaric²,

Bergstrom³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Diaphyseal lengths of individuals ranging in age from birth to 12 years were collected from bone surfaces reconstructed from CT scans with the Amira™ software. Information regarding the CT and segmentation processes can be found in Stock et al (2020) and Stock et al (2016). All dental development scores were assessed by scrolling through the individual CT slices and not through a reconstructed isosurface or volume rendering.…”

Section: Comparative Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of subadult skeletal and dental development based on living and deceased samples

Stull

Corron

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives A fundamental assumption in biological anthropology is that living individuals will present with different growth than non‐survivors of the same population. The aim is to address the question of whether growth and development data of non‐survivors are reflective of the biological consequences of selective mortality and/or stress. Materials and Methods The study compares dental development and skeletal growth collected from radiographic images of contemporary samples of living and deceased individuals from the United States (birth to 20 years) and South Africa (birth to 12 years). Further evaluation of deceased individuals is used to explore differential patterns among manners of death (MOD). Results Results do not show any significant differences in skeletal growth or dental development between living and deceased individuals. However, in the South African deceased sample the youngest individuals exhibited substantially smaller diaphyseal lengths than the living sample, but by 2 years of age the differences were negligible. In the US sample, neither significant nor substantial differences were found in dental development or diaphyseal length according to MOD and age (>2 years of age), though some long bones in individuals <2 years of age did show significant differences. No significant differences were noted in diaphyseal length according to MOD and age in the SA sample. Discussion The current findings refute the idea that contemporary deceased and living individuals would present with differential growth and development patterns through all of ontogeny as well as the assumptions linking short stature, poor environments, and MOD.

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Allometric scaling and growth: Evaluation and applications in subadult body mass estimation

Yim

Konigsberg

Hwa

et al. 2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Previously developed methods in subadult body mass estimation have not been tested in populations other than European-American or African-American.This study uses a contemporary Taiwanese sample to test these methods. Through evaluating their accuracy and bias, we addressed whether the allometric relationships between body mass and skeletal traits commonly used in subadult body mass estimation are conserved among different populations.Materials and Methods: Computed tomography scans of lower limbs from individuals aged 0-17 years old of both sexes were collected from National Taiwan University Hospital along with documented body weight. Polar second moment of area, distal femoral metaphyseal breadth, and maximum superior/inferior femoral head diameter were collected either directly from the scans or from reconstructed 3D models. Estimated body mass was compared with documented body mass to assess the performance of the equations.Results: Current methods provided good body mass estimates in Taiwanese individuals, with accuracy and bias similar to those reported in other validation studies. A tendency for increasing error with increasing age was observed for all methods.Reduced major axis regression showed the allometric relationships between different skeletal traits and body mass across different age categories can all be summarized using a common fitted line. A revised, maximum likelihood-based approach was proposed for all skeletal traits. Discussion:The results suggested that the allometric relationships between body mass and different skeletal traits are largely conserved among populations. The revised method provided improved applicability with strong underlying theoretical justifications, and potential for future improvements.

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The importance of processing procedures and threshold values in CT scan segmentation of skeletal elements: An example using the immature os coxa

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Considerations for post-processing parameters in mixed-method 3-D analyses: A Mesolithic mandibular case study

Considerations for post-processing parameters in mixed-method 3-D analyses: A Mesolithic mandibular case study

A comparison of subadult skeletal and dental development based on living and deceased samples

Allometric scaling and growth: Evaluation and applications in subadult body mass estimation

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