The Importance of Phellogen Cells and their Structural Characteristics in Susceptibility and Resistance to Excoriation in Immature and Mature Potato Tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) Periderm

Lulai, Edward C.; Freeman, Thomas

doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1497

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…4). Lulai and Freeman (2001) showed that native periderm excoriation occurred as a result of the fracture of fragile phellogen radial cell walls and separation of the phellem from the tuber. Also, Sabba and Lulai (2002) showed that the phellogen cell walls thicken during native periderm maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phellem, phellogen and phelloderm are three distinct types of cells that make up the wound periderm. After these distinct cells are in place and an adequate number of phellem cell layers have been produced, the phellogen cell layer becomes non-meristematic and no longer generates phellem cell derivatives; at this point wound periderm formation is complete and wound-periderm maturation may ensue (Lulai and Freeman, 2001;Lulai, 2007a). During wound periderm maturation, the phellem (skin) becomes more tightly attached to the tuber and more resistant to excoriation re-injury (Sabba and Lulai, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Wounding coordinately induces cell wall protein, cell cycle and pectin methyl esterase genes involved in tuber closing layer and wound periderm development

Neubauer

Lulai

Thompson

et al. 2012

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wounding coordinately induces cell wall protein, cell cycle and pectin methyl esterase genes involved in tuber closing layer and wound periderm development

Neubauer

Lulai

Thompson

et al. 2012

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…Histochemical analyses (Lulai and Corsini, 1998) and principal component analysis of precursors (Yang and Bernards, 2007) during potato wound suberization support the view that deposition of the aromatic domain is the first event in suberization. Indeed, Lulai and Freeman (2001) have proposed that there is no covalent connectivity between the polyaromatic and polyaliphatic domains. Our observation that ferulate deposition ceases as aliphatics are still being laid down in Brassica seeds (Molina et al, 2008) is consistent with polyaromatic deposition preceding polyaliphatic deposition.…”

Section: Implications For Models Of Suberin Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an Arabidopsis Feruloyl-Coenzyme A Transferase Required for Suberin Synthesis

et al. 2009

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All plants produce suberin, a lipophilic barrier of the cell wall that controls water and solute fluxes and restricts pathogen infection. It is often described as a heteropolymer comprised of polyaliphatic and polyaromatic domains. Major monomers include v-hydroxy and a,v-dicarboxylic fatty acids, glycerol, and ferulate. No genes have yet been identified for the aromatic suberin pathway. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene AT5G41040, a member of the BAHD family of acyltransferases, is essential for incorporation of ferulate into suberin. In Arabidopsis plants transformed with the AT5G41040 promoter:YFP fusion, reporter expression is localized to cell layers undergoing suberization. Knockout mutants of AT5G41040 show almost complete elimination of suberin-associated ester-linked ferulate. However, the classic lamellar structure of suberin in root periderm of at5g41040 is not disrupted. The reduction in ferulate in at5g41040-knockout seeds is associated with an approximate stoichiometric decrease in aliphatic monomers containing v-hydroxyl groups. Recombinant AT5G41040p catalyzed acyl transfer from feruloyl-coenzyme A to v-hydroxyfatty acids and fatty alcohols, demonstrating that the gene encodes a feruloyl transferase. CYP86B1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene whose transcript levels correlate with AT5G41040 expression, was also investigated. Knockouts and overexpression confirmed CYP86B1 as an oxidase required for the biosynthesis of very-long-chain saturated a,v-bifunctional aliphatic monomers in suberin. The seed suberin composition of cyp86b1 knockout was surprisingly dominated by unsubstituted fatty acids that are incapable of polymeric linkages. Together, these results challenge our current view of suberin structure by questioning both the function of ester-linked ferulate as an essential component and the existence of an extended aliphatic polyester.

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“…Periderm is regularly found in the bark of woody plants, but herbaceous plants may also form a well-developed periderm in roots, tubers, and the oldest portions of stem. The periderm has been widely studied in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers because of the latter's great agronomic significance (Schmidt and Schö nherr, 1982;Vogt et al, 1983;Lulai and Freeman, 2001; Sabba and Lulai, 2002). Shrinkage and flaccidity occur in tubers if the protection afforded by the periderm against water loss is compromised (Lulai et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CYP86A33-Targeted Gene Silencing in Potato Tuber Alters Suberin Composition, Distorts Suberin Lamellae, and Impairs the Periderm's Water Barrier Function

et al. 2008

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Suberin is a cell wall lipid polyester found in the cork cells of the periderm offering protection against dehydration and pathogens. Its biosynthesis and assembly, as well as its contribution to the sealing properties of the periderm, are still poorly understood. Here, we report on the isolation of the coding sequence CYP86A33 and the molecular and physiological function of this gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber periderm. CYP86A33 was down-regulated in potato plants by RNA interference-mediated silencing. Periderm from CYP86A33-silenced plants revealed a 60% decrease in its aliphatic suberin load and greatly reduced levels of C18:1 v-hydroxyacid (approximately 70%) and a,v-diacid (approximately 90%) monomers in comparison with wild type. Moreover, the glycerol esterified to suberin was reduced by 60% in the silenced plants. The typical regular ultrastructure of suberin, consisting of dark and light lamellae, disappeared and the thickness of the suberin layer was clearly reduced. In addition, the water permeability of the periderm isolated from CYP86A33-silenced lines was 3.5 times higher than that of the wild type. Thus, our data provide convincing evidence for the involvement of v-functional fatty acids in establishing suberin structure and function.

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The Importance of Phellogen Cells and their Structural Characteristics in Susceptibility and Resistance to Excoriation in Immature and Mature Potato Tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) Periderm

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Wounding coordinately induces cell wall protein, cell cycle and pectin methyl esterase genes involved in tuber closing layer and wound periderm development

Wounding coordinately induces cell wall protein, cell cycle and pectin methyl esterase genes involved in tuber closing layer and wound periderm development

Identification of an Arabidopsis Feruloyl-Coenzyme A Transferase Required for Suberin Synthesis

CYP86A33-Targeted Gene Silencing in Potato Tuber Alters Suberin Composition, Distorts Suberin Lamellae, and Impairs the Periderm's Water Barrier Function

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