Aging is often seen as disadvantageous in humanhistory. However, longevity reduces medical costs of the whole life compared with that of short life. Therefore, in order to reduce medical cost, we have to take care of the elderly in order to promote health and longevity. Health problems in the elderly should be solved by both medical and elderly care facilities.However, few studies have analyzed the care problems of the elderly. In this review, we describe the recent methods of care for the elderly. (Internal Medicine 42: 932-940, 2003)