The Importance of Nutrients Concentration Monitoring In Coastal Area

Abstract

Land utilization changes of the natural resources conservation area of Pangandaran coastal area, that have been utilized as a marine tourism area, which affect many kinds of environmental degradation threats. Updating the condition of Pangandaran waters is essential due to its condition impacted by anthropogenic activities. Water condition monitoring was done by measuring nutrients as an indicator to assess the water fertility and pollution. Fourty five observation points were selected and divided into three locations, representing the condition of river, estuary/mangrove area, and open sea. Nutrients were analyzed by employing Standard Methods for The Examination of Water and Wastewater 22nd Edition 2012 (SMEWW). Currents and tides were measured for 15 days, used as the basis input of hydrodynamic model. The results showed that the highest of average value of nitrate was found in the estuary/mangrove forest which reached 0.998 mg.L-1. While, the highest phosphate content was observed in the river which reached 0.928 mg.L-1. The highest ammonia concentration was observed in the sea which reached 0.027 mg.L-1. N:P ratios in the study area are categorized <16, which showed that Pangandaran waters are in the condition of N-limitation. These conditions trigger blooming of phytoplankton due to the high concentration of nitrate. The higher nutrient concentration indicates that anthropogenic activities take place. Tidal current has an important role transporting nutrient in the estuary, triggering nutrient deposition and blooming tendency. Restrictions on residential areas and the utilization of coastal areas are an appropriate step to reduce the pollution level in Pangandaran waters.

Profile of seawater quality in Cirebon, northern coast of West Java, Indonesia

“…Another reason for the high organic matter in the Cirebon coast area is the impact from rivers which carry materials. The primary determinant of the presence of compounds classified as organic or inorganic in aquatic environment is the transfer of nutrients to the estuary [13], in addition with the debris and household waste which are discarded into the sea [4]. It is proven by looking at Figure 2, the nutrients distribution of NO3-N, PO4-P, NH3-N and also SiO2 around the Cirebon coast showed a similar pattern.…”

Water pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in Bojonegara Coastal Waters of Banten Bay, Indonesia

“…In general, nitrate concentrations in Bojonegara waters were high at stations located in estuaries and rivers. According to [25], [26], [27], nitrate and phosphate concentrations in estuaries and rivers were higher than those in the sea due to the input of organic waste through river run-off and from the sea carried by tidal currents, accumulating in estuary area. In addition to the estuary area, river runoff that carries organic waste, such as detergents, human waste, and house cleaners, are the primary source of phosphate entry into the sea.…”

The Abundance of Gonyaulax polygramma and Chaetoceros sp. Causing Blooming in Ambon Bay, Maluku

“…Eutrophication has been reported as one of the causes in the occurrence of phytoplankton blooming in several areas (Holligan, 1985;Heisler et al, 2008;Anderson, 2012). Although nutrient enrichment of estuary and coastal waters seems to be a key factor explaining the development of phytoplankton blooms (Valiela et al, 1997;Teichberg et al, 2010;Smetacek and Zingone, 2013), the extent, distribution, and species composition of blooms vary greatly among systems of similar nutrient load, which compromises our ability to predict such events based on information about nutrient status alone (Gemilang et al, 2019). Other factors such as climate change have been reported as a trigger for the bloom of phytoplankton.…”