The Importance of Magnesium in the Human Body

Glasdam, Sidsel-Marie; Glasdam, Stinne; Peters, Günther H.J.

doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2015.10.002

Cited by 127 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Of the circulating tMg in serum, approximately 20%-30% is bound to proteins and is thought to be physiologically inactive. Ionized Mg (iMg) constitutes approximately 60%-70% of circulating tMg [4,5] and is considered the biologically active form of circulating Mg [6]. It is possible that iMg may be a more physiologically relevant marker than tMg [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Ionized Magnesium: Comparisons with Circulating Total Magnesium and the Response to Magnesium Supplementation in a Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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Ionized Mg (iMg) is considered the biologically active fraction of circulating total Mg (tMg). It is possible that iMg may be a more physiologically relevant marker than tMg. Using data from a double-blind pilot randomized controlled trial, we tested (1) whether oral Mg supplementation will increase iMg concentrations compared with placebo and (2) the relationship between iMg and tMg at baseline. Additionally, we evaluated the agreement between iMg measured in fresh whole blood versus stored samples. A total of fifty-nine participants were randomized 1:1 to oral Mg supplementation (400 mg/day, Mg Oxide) or placebo for 10 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and follow-up. The analysis used linear regression and an intent-to-treat approach. Participants were generally healthy, the mean age was 62, and 73% were female. The baseline iMg and tMg were modestly and positively associated (r = 0.50). The ratio of baseline iMg to tMg was 64%. The mean supplement effect on iMg was 0.03 mmol/L (95% CI:0.01, 0.05) for Mg supplementation versus placebo. The supplement effect on iMg was not statistically significantly different according to baseline iMg status (above/below median). Compared to fresh blood, iMg was consistently higher in refrigerated and frozen samples by 0.14 and 0.20 mmol/L, respectively. In this relatively healthy adult population, Mg supplementation over 10 weeks resulted in increased iMg concentrations. Whether iMg is a more appropriate measure of Mg status than tMg, and the public health or clinical utility of measuring iMg remains to be determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Ionized Magnesium: Comparisons with Circulating Total Magnesium and the Response to Magnesium Supplementation in a Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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“…Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) is essential for health. Mg 2+ is the second most abundant intracellular cation and plays an important role in several biologic processes as a cofactor of oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, and RNA transcription and translation to protein (1). To orchestrate these processes in health, Mg 2+ homeostasis is of vital importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tubular flow activates magnesium transport in the distal convoluted tubule

et al. 2018

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Magnesium (Mg2+) is an important cofactor of many enzymes crucial for life; therefore, maintaining a Mg2+ balance in the body is essential. In the kidney, the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) determines the final urinary Mg2+ excretion. The nephron is subjected to variable urinary flow, but little is known about the influence of flow on Mg2+ transport. Primary cilia, which are mechanosensory organelles that sense changes in flow, are expressed on tubular epithelial cells. This study aimed to elucidate whether urinary flow facilitates DCT Mg2+ transport. To this end, mouse DCT15 cells, with and without primary cilia, were exposed to physiologic fluid flow generating 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 dyn/cm2 fluid shear stress (FSS). FSS stimulated Mg2+ uptake significantly. Net Mg2+ uptake (i.e., the difference between static and FSS) followed a single component saturable first‐order transport function and was independent of FSS magnitude and primary cilia. FSS did not affect the expression of magnesiotropic genes, including Cnnm2, Kcna1, Proegf, Trpm6, and Trpm7. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily melastatin (TRPM) member 7 (Trmp7) inhibition by 2‐aminoethyl diphenyl borinate or knockout of TRPM6 did not alter net Mg2+ uptake, suggesting that TRPM6/TRPM7 homo/heterodimeric channels are not involved in FSS‐activated Mg2+ transport. In summary, FSS generated by physiologic fluid flow is a new factor activating Mg2+ transport in DCT independent of primary cilia.—Verschuren, E. H. J., Hoenderop, J. G. J., Peters, D. J. M., Arjona, F. J., Bindels, R. J. M. Tubular flow activates magnesium transport in the distal convoluted tubule. FASEB J. 33, 5034–5044 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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“…Elements from this group, especially magnesium, potassium, calcium, and sodium, play important roles in many physiological functions of the human body. Since their intake levels have been connected to many different conditions and diseases such as hypertension, heart attack, and various gastrointestinal cancers, it is considered that homeostasis of these elements greatly contributes to the overall well‐being (Blaine, Chonchol, & Levi, ; Glasdam, Glasdam, & Peters, ). According to estimates of World Health Organization (), chronic noncommunicable diseases, for example, arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiac, renal and pulmonary diseases, and cancer, are responsible for 86% of premature deaths in Europe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elements from this group, especially magnesium, potassium, calcium, and sodium, play important roles in many physiological functions of the human body. Since their intake levels have been connected to many different conditions and diseases such as hypertension, heart attack, and various gastrointestinal cancers, it is considered that homeostasis of these elements greatly contributes to the overall well-being (Blaine, Chonchol, & Levi, 2015;Glasdam, Glasdam, & Peters, 2016 TA B L E 3 Concentrations of elements (mg/kg) in Croatian pumpkin seed oils from 2011 and 2012 subgroups and processed cereals which are generally considered "healthy" (Magriplis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro‐ and microelements in pumpkin seed oils: Effect of processing, crop season, and country of origin

Martinec¹,

Balbino

Dobša

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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Macro‐ and microelements in the samples of virgin and cold pressed pumpkin seed oils produced in Croatia through two consecutive crop seasons were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES). Croatian oils were also compared to oils from Slovenia and Austria in order to assess differences in the element content. Magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, selenium, and iron were the dominant elements in all pumpkin seed oils. Their amounts together with barium, strontium, manganese, copper were up to ninefold higher ( p ≤ 0.05) in virgin compared to cold pressed pumpkin seed oils. These differences occur due to the different processing conditions which include salt addition, heat treatment, and higher degree of equipment ware out during virgin pumpkin seed oil production. As the sodium level increases with the addition of salt, virgin pumpkin seed oil could be considered its hidden source and producers should pay attention to the amount added. Contents of cobalt, copper, selenium, and thallium significantly differed ( p ≤ 0.05) between the two crop seasons. Principal component analysis revealed clear differences between samples with different origin that can be explained by the specifics in the production processes of each country. In comparison with Austrian and Slovenian, Croatian pumpkin seed oils had significantly lower contents of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and tin while bismuth and selenium were higher.

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The Importance of Magnesium in the Human Body

Cited by 127 publications

References 74 publications

Circulating Ionized Magnesium: Comparisons with Circulating Total Magnesium and the Response to Magnesium Supplementation in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulating Ionized Magnesium: Comparisons with Circulating Total Magnesium and the Response to Magnesium Supplementation in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Tubular flow activates magnesium transport in the distal convoluted tubule

Macro‐ and microelements in pumpkin seed oils: Effect of processing, crop season, and country of origin

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