The Importance of Land-Use Legacies to Ecology and Conservation

Foster, David R.; Swanson, Frederick J.; Aber, John D.; Burke, Ingrid C.; Brokaw, Nicholas; Tilman, David; Knapp, Alan K.

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0077:tiolul]2.0.co;2

Cited by 1,023 publications

(776 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Land use activities are human factors that not only add landscape-scale heterogeneity of the Earth's surface, but also alter the microscopic features including microbial communities in soil (Girvan et al 2003;Acosta-Martinez et al 2008;Foster et al 2009). Paddy soils are highly modified by anthropogenic activities that anoxic conditions prevail during most of the time of rice growth (Senesil et al 1999;Kögel-Knabner et al 2010).…”

Section: Land Use Effects On Pcp Degradation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in indigenous microbial communities during the anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol in upland and paddy soils from southern China

Chen

Tao

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a common persistent pesticide in soil that has generated a significant environmental problem worldwide. Therefore, anaerobic degradation of PCP by the soil indigenous microbial community has gained increasing attention. However, little information is available concerning the functional microorganisms and the potential shifts in the microbial community associated with PCP degradation. In this study, we conducted a set of experiments to determine which components of the indigenous microbial community were capable of degrading PCP in soils of two land use types (upland and paddy soils) in southern China. Our results showed that the PCP degradation rate was significantly higher in paddy soils than that in upland soils. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high-throughput sequencing revealed significant differences in microbial taxonomic composition between the soil with PCP and blank (soil without PCP) with Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Oxobacter, and Sedimentibacter dominating the PCP-affected communities. Acinetobacter was also apparently enriched in the paddy soils with PCP (up to 52.2 %) indicated this genus is likely to play an important role in PCP degradation. Additionally, the Fe(III)-reducing bacteria Clostridium may also be involved in PCP degradation. Our data further revealed hitherto unknown metabolisms of potential PCP degradation by microorganisms including Coprococcus, Oxobacter, and Ruminiclostridium. Overall, these findings indicated that land use types may affect the PCP anaerobic degradation rate via the activities of indigenous bacterial populations and extend our knowledge of the bacterial populations responsible for PCP degradation.

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Section: Land Use Effects On Pcp Degradation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in indigenous microbial communities during the anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol in upland and paddy soils from southern China

Chen

Tao

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Stewardship of ecosystem services in metropolitan landscapes is thus dependent on the continuation of historically informed management practices. Current biodiversity and ecosystem services are conditioned by history, regional context and continuity (Foster et al 2003 ). Continuity is carried by memory, as in memory of past environmental responses carried in the genes of organisms, in community compositions and in habitat legacies, as well as in people carrying social memory such as oral tradition, rituals, institutions and tools that guide management practices (Barthel et al 2010a ;Barthel and Isendahl 2012 ).…”

Section: Box 21 Three Historic Examples Of Urban Food Production Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Urbanization and the Missing Ecology

Elmqvist

Redman

Barthel

et al. 2013

Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities

107

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In this chapter, we explore the historical dimension of urbanization and why the ecology of urbanization has, until recently, been missing. We discuss the consequences of this for our perceptions of urbanization throughout history and also discuss the emerging reintroduction of ecology and the concept of natural capital into the global discourse on urbanization and sustainability. Humans and the institutions they devise for their governance are often successful at self-organizing to promote their survival in the face of virtually any environment challenge. However, from history we learn that there may often be unanticipated costs to many of these solutions with long-term implications on future societies. For example, increased specialization has led to increased surplus of food and made continuing

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“…Another key goal, sustaining rare species, is not always consistent in space and time with conserving the greatest species richness (Prendergast et al, 1993;Lennon et al, 2004). The historical and landscape context of a place will influence the outcome of any experimental test (Summerville and Crist, 2002;Foster et al, 2003;Luck and Daily, 2003); consequently, a test may only be applicable to the place in which it was conducted (Eberhardt and Thomas, 1991). Replicating by historical or landscape factors, or repeating the same experiment in many different places, would overcome this limitation, but such replication or repetition is difficult and rarely achieved.…”

Section: Empirical Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the conceptual tools for forest biodiversity conservation and their implementation in the U.S.

Schulte

Mitchell

Hunter

et al. 2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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While much has been written describing biodiversity, its global decline, and the need for action, the scientific underpinnings guiding conservation practice have received little attention. We surveyed 10 large-scale forest management plans in the U.S. to establish which ecological concepts are commonly used to guide forest biodiversity conservation and evaluate the relative importance of these concepts in processes related to forest stewardship. We then reviewed the scientific literature to assess the degree to which these concepts are founded in antecedent ecological theory, the extent to which they have been tested, and the limits of those tests. We found that the concepts of filters (fine, meso, and coarse), reserves, matrix management, hotspots, emulating natural disturbances, diversity begets diversity, patchworks, networks, and gradients are extensively employed in the forest planning efforts we surveyed. While most of these concepts received high utility scores, coarse filter was most commonly used, closely followed by matrix management and fine filter. A survey of the literature review suggests that all concepts have both direct and indirect relationships with foundational ecological theories, such as niches, natural selection, and island biogeography. All concepts also have some empirical support based on field tests and most have received some testing in an experimental framework. Yet, experimental tests of the concepts are far from comprehensive as, among other reasons: (1) many species are yet unknown, (2) many species are difficult to measure, (3) the occurrence of taxa that are often measured do not correspond well with the occurrence of those less frequently measured, and (4) although site conditions may be replicated, the historical and landscape contexts of each test are unique. Although we document wide use of these concepts, significant constraints hinder further incorporation into forest stewardship. Predominant among these is a lack of empirical support at the spatial and temporal scales over which forest management is implemented. Practical ways to advance conservation concepts include implementing effective, efficient monitoring protocols and establishing experimental tests in an operational context. Constructive bridges must be built between science and practitioner communities to realize these goals. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractWhile much has been written describing biodiversity, its global decline, and the need for action, the scientific underpinnings guiding conservation practice have received little attention. We surveyed 10 large-scale forest management plans in the U.S. to establish which ecological concepts are commonly used to guide forest biodiversity conservation and evaluate the relative importance of these concepts in processes related to forest stewardship. We then reviewed the scientific literature to assess the ...

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The Importance of Land-Use Legacies to Ecology and Conservation

Cited by 1,023 publications

References 65 publications

Shifts in indigenous microbial communities during the anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol in upland and paddy soils from southern China

Shifts in indigenous microbial communities during the anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol in upland and paddy soils from southern China

History of Urbanization and the Missing Ecology

Evaluating the conceptual tools for forest biodiversity conservation and their implementation in the U.S.

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