The Importance of Good Governance on Achieving Sustainable Development Case Study: Yemen

Abstract

Governance has become one of the most important concepts in developing countries. Consequently, many countries are trying to pursue good governance and adoption according to the established concept of governance in order to achieve the desired sustainable economic growth and development. Yemeni economy has been in deep recession due to Saudi alliance war since March 2015. Once the war stops, restructuring economy required a new development approach with firm and well define good governance principles aiming to achieve Sustainable Development goals. Yemen as one of the least developing country, not all of its efforts to move ahead economically have been successful. There is more than one reason for its failure to achieve sustainable economic development, but one is absence of good governance. International organizations, donors, and researchers have prescribed good governance as a solution to persistent development problems. This paper is an attempt to enrich this subject, at least in part, by examining the value of adopting good governance on achieving sustainable development. Based on research findings and learning from other countries experience, development progress and challenges, general framework to implement good governance has been recommended to be consider in the future national development agenda to tolerate achieving sustainable development. Building human capacity is one of the key requirements needed to make a qualitative shift towards sustainable development. The current situation of sustainable development and governance in Yemen as a case study has been reviewed in an explanatory methodologies using regional statistics and global database such as UN organizations, World Bank, HDI, SDGs and Governance indicators to examine the progress made over the last decade. Paper recommended practical steps and actions to be taken to help the official government to reform the current institutional arrangements at the regional as well as national levels, such as adopt governance principles, long term planning, and establishing “High Councils for good governance” to ensure integrated policy formulation, adequate cooperation and coordination among different government entities, and between the government and non-state stakeholders. These recommendations and result have been presented to the Yemeni official government and economic institutions aiming to be integrated in the reform strategies, in particular in the Yemen National Development Strategy (2030). Based on research findings and learning from other countries experience, development progress and challenges, general framework to implement good governance has been recommended to be consider in the future national development agenda to achieve sustainable development.
 
 Keywords: Sustainable Development, Good Governance, Economic Reform, Yemen, SDGs

The role of good governance in achieving sustainable development: A study of India

“…The findings indicate that political and institutional governance contribute positively to the three factors of sustainable development; there is a two-way relationship between human development and economic ~ 103 ~ growth, indicating that they are interconnected and may serve as complements to one another; increased economic growth leads to increased emissions, which leads to decreased economic growth; and increasing human development leads to a decrease in emissions. A Gaghman (2020) [4] examined the significance of effective governance in attaining sustainable development. [10] examined the relationship between good governance and sustainable development by focusing on the role of governments in the global sustainability agenda.…”

“…Thus, it is felt that devolving various forms of authority and functions to subnational levels of government for rapid adaptation to locally specific situations is an effective response to today's complicated problems (Bank, 2000 a). The Asian Development Bank (ADB) defines "Good Governance" as "how a country's power is exercised in the administration of its economic and social resources to promote that country's economic and social growth" [4] . Effective governance permits the participation of civil society in decision-making processes and the efficient application of human, ecological, economic, and financial resources for equitable and sustainable development.…”

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“…Thus, it can be inferred that the use of relative advantage as a basis for proportional effectiveness in achieving a common target is justified. In Yemen, financial indicators such as relative advantage usefulness in overcoming the problem of line-item budgeting influenced the degree to which innovation is viewed as superior to the previous line-item budgeting scheme as the country tries to improve its reputation with the international community and investors through the public budgeting system reform process (Gaghman, 2020). Since perceived advantages of innovation are regarded as one of the best predictors of adoption behaviour in many studies of innovation adoption, this study aims to confirm that perceived advantages are significant innovation characteristics in the context of Yemen public organisations.…”

“…Yemen's public budget wasn't far from that and has been plagued by multiple problems, including extra-budgetary spending, large deficits, high recurrent spending and debt service costs, poorly designed projects and programs, a lack of accountability and transparency, a low level of capital budget implementation, and a reliance on manual and antiquated processes. As a result, the budget has been unable to effectively fulfil its mandate in terms of resource allocation and contribution to economic growth and development (Gaghman, 2020;Basaloom, 2017;Ylaoutinen, 2014;Moriani & Al-Zawm, 2013;W. Bank, 2008).…”

General Framework for Post-conflict Reconstruction in Yemen

“…3 Literature Review 3.1 Typology of Governance Given that the expression "Governance" signifies various things to various individuals, it is valuable, subsequently, for the UNDP to explain, at the very beginning, the sense wherein it comprehends the word. Among the numerous meanings of "Governance" that exist, the one that shows up the most fitting from the perspective of the UNDP is "the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country's affairs at all levels [8]. It comprises mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences" [9].…”