The importance of geometrical considerations in the measurement of steel corrosion in concrete by means of AC impedance

Andrade, C; Soler, L.; Alonso, C.; Nóvoa, X.R.; Keddam, M.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(95)00095-2

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The chosen setup is found to be appropriate for measurements on steel in mortar ͑concrete͒ as previously used by the authors 41 and reported also in Ref. 31.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Electrochemical Behavior, Microstructural Analysis, and Morphological Observations in Reinforced Mortar Subjected to Chloride Ingress

Koleva¹,

Breugel²,

Wit³

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The behavior of steel reinforcement was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ͑EIS͒ and polarization resistance ͑PR͒ techniques in conditions of chloride-induced corrosion in ordinary Portland cement-mortar specimens immersed in 7% NaCl for a test period of 120 days and compared to specimens immersed in demineralized water for the same period as reference specimens. This study was an initial phase of ongoing research on electrochemical methods for corrosion protection in reinforced concrete structures and aimed at investigating the applicability of widely accepted techniques as EIS and PR and their possible correlation with structural observations of the bulk matrix, relevant to cement-based materials science and product-layers distribution, to corrosion and further protection. The results indicate that the concept of EIS modeling and the components used in the latter correspond well to alterations in structural properties of the bulk matrix, while the electrochemical behavior can be additionally supported by morphological observations of the steel/cement paste interface. As is well known, corrosion in reinforced concrete is a great concern with respect to structure durability. Corrosion in concrete can take place when carbon dioxide has penetrated to the steel surface or when chloride content in the vicinity of the steel bars reaches certain threshold values.1 Consequently, breakdown of the passive layer, normally deposited on the steel surface in the concrete alkaline medium, is taking place. The assessment of the condition of reinforced structures in terms of time to initiate reinforcement corrosion, the level of damage, the performance of the system related to mechanical properties, evaluation of efficiency of protection techniques, etc. is always related to estimating corrosion rates, i.e., to determination of electrochemical parameters for the steel reinforcement in certain technical and environmental conditions. The electrochemical behavior of steel reinforcement has been extensively studied and outcomes are reported in literature. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The intention of this work is to see how well different electrochemical techniques agree for reinforced cement-based materials rather than obtaining absolute quantitative parameters ͑such as corrosion rate for example͒ and, further, to correlate results with structural and morphological observations of the bulk matrix and the steel/cement paste interface, thus setting up a combination of techniques for the assessment of corrosion and protection in reinforced concrete. Applicability of Electrochemical Techniques to Reinforced Cement-Based MaterialsDifferent approaches hold for the performance of electrochemical ͑EC͒ measurements and their applicability to reinforced concrete, including possible errors in measuring the related corrosion parameters. 7,13,[16][17][18][19][20] A recent study 21 presents comprehensive information on the application of EC techniques in investigating the corrosion of steel reinforcemen...

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“…The chosen setup is found to be appropriate for measurements on steel in mortar ͑concrete͒ as previously used by the authors 41 and reported also in Ref. 31.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…15,16,[31][32][33][34], and is used in the present study as well. Some studies indicate that this response can also include redox reactions in the product layers.…”

Section: Applicability Of Electrochemical Techniques To Reinforced Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Behavior, Microstructural Analysis, and Morphological Observations in Reinforced Mortar Subjected to Chloride Ingress

Koleva¹,

Breugel²,

Wit³

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The best fit parameters are summarized in Table 2. The shape of the experimental curves for all specimens reflects typical response of steel reinforcement in the alkaline medium of concrete and in conditions of chloride present at the steel/cement paste interface [52,53]. The response in the high frequency domain is related to the mortar bulk resistance in terms of connected pore network, including the electrolyte resistance (R el?b and R pn ) [47].…”

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Eis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion performance of reinforced mortar in the presence of polymeric nano-aggregates: electrochemical behavior, surface analysis, and properties of the steel/cement paste interface

Koleva

Breugel

2012

J Mater Sci

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This study reports on the effect of admixed polyethylene oxide-b-polystyrene (PEO 113 -b-PS 70 ) micelles on corrosion behavior of reinforced mortar. The electrochemical measurement shows that the corrosion performance of the reinforcing steel was not significantly improved. However, surface analysis and microstructural investigation at the steel/cement paste interface reveal that the admixed micelles lead to a steel surface layer with enhanced barrier properties in terms of morphology and composition. Therefore, the presence of micelles further minimized and halted the corrosion process, despite the very aggressive, chloride-containing environment of 5% NaCl. The reasons and mechanisms behind the hereby observed corrosion behavior of reinforced mortar in the presence of micelles are related to the influence of these nano-aggregates on microstructural properties. These further results in altered water/ion transport and chloride-binding mechanisms in the bulk mortar matrix and thus steel product layer modifications towards enhanced corrosion resistance.

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“…The experimental results prove samples with RM do not present corrosion in spite of the high amount of chloride ions. [4] . Dichas muestras se desmoldaron al día siguiente de su fabricación y se mantuvieron en una cámara de humedad hasta los 28 d. Su geometría es similar a la mostrada en el esquema de la figura 1.…”

Section: (• •) )unclassified

The effect of red mud in the electrochemical behaviour of carbon steel embedded in mortar

Díaz¹,

Freire²,

Merino³

et al. 2008

Rev. metal.

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El hormigón, debido a su elevada alcalinidad, protege al acero mediante la formación de una película pasiva que impide su corrosión. Sin embargo, la presencia de agentes agresivos (cloruros, sulfatos y dió-xido de carbono) a nivel de la interfase acero-hormigón puede causar la pérdida de pasividad del acero y crear condiciones favorables para el inicio de la corrosión de las armaduras. El estudio de los posibles inhibidores de corrosión en este medio resulta de vital importancia desde un punto de vista económico ya que los costes derivados del mantenimiento e, incluso, la substitución de estructuras dañadas suponen una cantidad considerable. En publicaciones previas del grupo [1][2][3] se ha estudiado el comportamiento de hierro y acero en disoluciones cloruradas que contienen lodos rojos, obteniéndose resultados prometedores. Este trabajo corresponde a la continuación de los citados estudios, por cuanto se analiza la utilización de estos residuos como aditivos anticorrosivos en estructuras de hormigón armado. Un resultado positivo podría representar una solución al problema medioambiental que supone el almacenamiento de lodos rojos ya que, hoy en día, es un residuo sin utilidad.Los lodos rojos (LR), empleados en este trabajo y suministrados por la fábrica de alúmina del grupo Alcoa situada en San Cibrao (Lugo), contienen principalmente oxi-hidróxidos de hierro (goetita y E Ef fe ec ct to o d de e l la a a ad di ic ci ió ón n d de e l lo od do os s r ro oj jo os s c co om mo o i in nh hi ib bi id do or re es s d de e l la a c co or rr ro os si ió ón n d de e a ac ce er ro o e em mb be eb bi id do o e en n m mo or rt te er ro o ( (• •) ) B. Díaz*, L. Freire*, P. Merino*, X.R. Nóvoa* y M.C. Pérez* R Re es su um me en n Los lodos rojos (LR) son el principal residuo del Proceso Bayer, en el cual se extrae alúmina a partir de bauxita. Debido a las enormes cantidades generadas (84,1 millones de toneladas en 2000, en el mundo) y a su elevado carácter alcalino, suponen un grave problema medioambiental en las zonas donde la industria está implantada. Las partículas de LR en medio alcalino se encuentran cargadas, conteniendo grupos hidroxilos capaces de anclarse a la superficie metálica. Esta característica hace que dichas partículas se presenten como posibles inhibidores de la corrosión de acero en medio alcalino. En este trabajo se presenta una posible vía para dar salida a estos residuos, empleándolos como aditivos en hormigón armado. Los resultados que se muestran en este estudio revelan que las probetas que contienen LR en su composición no presentan ningún signo de corrosión, a pesar del alto contenido nominal en cloruros. P Pa al la ab br ra as s c cl la av ve eCorrosión. Armaduras. Inhibidor. Lodos rojos. Técnicas electroquímicas.T Th he e e ef ff fe ec ct t o of f r re ed d m mu ud d i in n t th he e e el le ec ct tr ro oc ch he em mi ic ca al l b be eh ha av vi io ou ur r o of f c ca ar rb bo on n s st te ee el l e em mb be ed dd de ed d i in n m mo or rt ta ar r A Ab bs st tr ra ac ct tThe red mud (RM) is the...

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The importance of geometrical considerations in the measurement of steel corrosion in concrete by means of AC impedance

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Electrochemical Behavior, Microstructural Analysis, and Morphological Observations in Reinforced Mortar Subjected to Chloride Ingress

Electrochemical Behavior, Microstructural Analysis, and Morphological Observations in Reinforced Mortar Subjected to Chloride Ingress

Corrosion performance of reinforced mortar in the presence of polymeric nano-aggregates: electrochemical behavior, surface analysis, and properties of the steel/cement paste interface

The effect of red mud in the electrochemical behaviour of carbon steel embedded in mortar

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