The importance of forest type when incorporating forest edge deposition in the evaluation of critical load exceedance

Wuyts, Karen; Schrijver, An De; Verheyen, Kris

doi:10.3832/ifor0486-002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The input of all trace metals from the precipitation, gap-edge canopy and closed canopy was 1. 15 −1 , respectively, in the rainy season. Among the trace metal fluxes, the maximum values in the precipitation and under the closed canopy and gap-edge canopy were observed for Fe and Al in both seasons.…”

Section: Annual Variations Of Trace Metal Fluxes In Precipitation Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several studies have focused on the effects of closed vs. open canopies on the canopy levels of trace metals received through atmospheric deposition [4,14]. However, no studies have addressed trace metal fluxes or filtration in gap-edge canopy layers [15]. Here, we hypothesized that the fluxes of trace metals are higher in a gap-edge canopy than in a closed canopy, and that the filtration of trace metals is lower in a gap-edge canopy than in a closed canopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest Canopy Can Efficiently Filter Trace Metals in Deposited Precipitation in a Subalpine Spruce Plantation

Tan

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2019

Forests

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Trace metals can enter natural regions with low human disturbance through atmospheric circulation; however, little information is available regarding the filtering efficiency of trace metals by forest canopies. In this study, a representative subalpine spruce plantation was selected to investigate the net throughfall fluxes of eight trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb, Cd and Cr) under a closed canopy and gap-edge canopy from August 2015 to July 2016. Over the one-year observation, the annual fluxes of Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb in the deposited precipitation were 7.29 kg·ha−1, 2.30 kg·ha−1, 7.02 kg·ha−1, 0.16 kg·ha−1, 0.19 kg·ha−1, 0.06 kg·ha−1, 0.56 kg·ha−1 and 0.24 kg·ha−1, respectively. The annual net throughfall fluxes of these trace metals were −1.73 kg·ha−1, −0.90 kg·ha−1, −1.68 kg·ha−1, 0.03 kg·ha−1, −0.03 kg·ha−1, −0.02 kg·ha−1, −0.09 kg·ha−1 and −0.08 kg·ha−1, respectively, under the gap-edge canopy and 1.59 kg·ha−1, −1.13 kg·ha−1, −1.65 kg·ha−1, 0.10 kg·ha−1, −0.04 kg·ha−1, −0.03 kg·ha−1, −0.26 kg·ha−1 and −0.15 kg·ha−1, respectively, under the closed canopy. The closed canopy displayed a greater filtering effect of the trace metals from precipitation than the gap-edge canopy in this subalpine forest. In the rainy season, the net filtering ratio of trace metals ranged from −66.01% to 89.05% for the closed canopy and from −52.32% to 33.09% for the gap-edge canopy. In contrast, the net filtering ratio of all trace metals exceeded 50.00% for the closed canopy in the snowy season. The results suggest that most of the trace metals moving through the forest canopy are filtered by canopy in the subalpine forest.

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Section: Annual Variations Of Trace Metal Fluxes In Precipitation Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Canopy Can Efficiently Filter Trace Metals in Deposited Precipitation in a Subalpine Spruce Plantation

Tan

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…B. den Critical Loads, verknüpft werden (Augustin et al 2005;Hansen et al 2007;Lorenz und Granke 2009). Die Aussagekraft von Critical Loads bemisst sich nach der Qualität des Modells, mit dem sie berechnet wurden und nach ihrer räumlichen Auflösung (Barkman und Alveteg 2001;Spranger et al 2001;Wuyts et al 2009).…”

Section: Diskussion Und Schlussfolgerungenunclassified

Atmosphärische Deposition und Anreicherung von Schwermetallen und Stickstoff in Natura-2000-Gebieten Deutschlands

Schröder

Pesch

Kratz

et al. 2010

Umweltwiss Schadst Forsch

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Zusammenfassung Absicht Im Rahmen der Luftreinhaltekonvention werden Moose zur europaweiten Kartierung der Bioakkumulation von Schwermetallen und Stickstoff verwendet. Hierzu werden alle fünf Jahre Moose gesammelt und chemisch analysiert. Diese Daten werden in dem vorliegenden Artikel für die Natura-2000-Gebiete Deutschlands (SCI) ausgewertet. Methoden Die zeitlichen Trends der Metallanreicherungen in den SCIs wurden anhand eines Multimetallindex berechnet, der mit Verfahren der Geostatistik und der Perzentilstatistik abgeleitet wurde. Für die Stickstoffbioakkumulation lagen Messdaten aus dem Jahr 2005 vor. Aus den Messdaten der Metall-und Stickstoffanreicherung wurden mittels linearer Regressionsanalyse Depositionswerte be-rechnet. Diese wurden dann für die SCIs in Deutschland ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Die höchsten atmosphärischen Metalleinträge wurden für 1990 berechnet. Anschließend nahmen diese deutlich bis zum Jahr 2000 ab, um dann wieder bis 2005 anzusteigen. Für Stickstoff wurde ein Median von 1,5 % in der Moostrockenmasse ermittelt. Die aus den Daten zur Bioakkumulation berechneten Depositionswerte belaufen sich auf 0,33 g/ha/a für Cadmium, 8,2 g/ha/a für Blei und 16,7 kg/ ha/a für Stickstoff. Schlussfolgerungen Das Moosmonitoring ist das einzige Umweltbeobachtungsprogramm, mit dem die atmosphärische Schwermetall-und Stickstoffexposition der deutschen Natura-2000-Gebiete statistisch begründet geschätzt werden kann.

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“…For ecosystem-specific evaluations of exposure in terms of atmospheric depositions or critical loads information with high spatial resolution is crucial [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. To enhance the spatial resolution of the deposition maps data on phenomena that are physically and statistically related with depositions and collected at higher spatial density could be utilised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does spatial auto-correlation call for a revision of latest heavy metal and nitrogen deposition maps?

et al. 2012

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Background: Within the framework of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution atmospheric depositions of heavy metals and nitrogen as well as critical loads/levels exceedances are mapped yearly with a spatial resolution of 50 km by 50 km. The maps rely on emission data and are calculated by use of atmospheric modelling techniques. For validation, EMEP monitoring data collected at up to 70 sites across Europe are used. This spatially sparse coverage gave reason to test if the chemical and physical relations between atmospheric depositions and their accumulation in mosses collected at up to 7000 sites throughout Europe can be quantified in terms of statistical correlations which, if proven, could be used to calculate deposition maps with a higher spatial resolution. Indeed, combining EMEP maps on atmospheric depositions of cadmium, lead and nitrogen and the related maps of their concentrations in mosses by use of a Regression Kriging approach yielded deposition maps with a spatial resolution of 5 km by 5 km. Since spatial auto-correlation can make testing of statistical inference too liberal, the investigation at hand was to validate the 5 km by 5 km deposition maps by analysing if spatial auto-correlation of both EMEP deposition data and moss data impacted on the significance of their statistical correlation and, thus, the validity of the deposition maps. To this end, two hypotheses were tested: 1. The data on deposition and concentrations in mosses of heavy metals and nitrogen are not spatially auto-correlated significantly. 2. The correlations between the deposition and moss data lack statistical significance due to spatial autocorrelation. Results: As already published, the regression models corroborated significant correlations between the concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen in atmospheric depositions on the one hand and respective concentrations in mosses on the other hand. This investigation proved that atmospheric deposition and bioaccumulation data are spatially auto-correlated significantly in terms of Moran's I values and, thus, hypothesis 1 could be rejected. Accordingly, the degrees of freedom were reduced. Nevertheless, the results of the calculations regarding the reduced degrees of freedom indicate that the statistical relations between atmospheric depositions and bioaccumulations remained statistically significant so that hypothesis 2 could be rejected, too. Conclusions: The positive auto-correlation in data on atmospheric deposition and bioaccumulation does not call for a revision of the 5 km by 5 km deposition maps published in recent papers. Therefore we can conclude that the European moss monitoring yields data that support the validation of modelling and mapping of atmospheric depositions of heavy metals and nitrogen at a high spatial resolution compared to the 50 km x 50 km EMEP maps.

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The importance of forest type when incorporating forest edge deposition in the evaluation of critical load exceedance

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Forest Canopy Can Efficiently Filter Trace Metals in Deposited Precipitation in a Subalpine Spruce Plantation

Forest Canopy Can Efficiently Filter Trace Metals in Deposited Precipitation in a Subalpine Spruce Plantation

Atmosphärische Deposition und Anreicherung von Schwermetallen und Stickstoff in Natura-2000-Gebieten Deutschlands

Does spatial auto-correlation call for a revision of latest heavy metal and nitrogen deposition maps?

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