The importance of dispersal and species establishment in vegetation dynamics and resilience

Török, Péter; Bullock, James M.; Jíménez-Alfaro, Borja; Sonkoly, Judit

doi:10.1111/jvs.12958

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…First, Wilsey (2021) pointed out that setting pre‐industrial vegetation as a restoration target of our actions is not feasible. This is for several reasons: (1) altered site conditions and land use, and modified landscapes with marked effects on dispersal and establishment in most regions (Török et al 2020); (2) biological invasions and multiple threats imposed by climate change (Wilsey 2021); and (3) increasing stochasticity means that restoration success may depend on years with particular rainfall amounts or patterns, or on the differences in reproductive and establishment success of particular target plant species between years (Buisson et al 2021 b ). This also highlights the importance of the sequence of arrival of plant species, so‐called priority effect in restoration (Weidlich et al 2021; Wilsey 2021).…”

Section: Synthesis To Guide Grassland Restoration Across Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present and future of grassland restoration

Török

Brudvig

Kollmann

et al. 2021

Restoration Ecology

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100

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Grasslands contribute greatly to biodiversity and human livelihoods; they support 70% of the world's agricultural area, but are heavily degraded by human land use. Grassland restoration research and management receives less attention than forests or freshwater habitats, although grasslands are critical for sustaining ecosystems multifunctionality and capacity to support biodiversity. In this article, we introduce a Special Issue which considers major trends and prospects in grassland restoration. We identified three key topics: First, restoration must confront widespread seed and site limitations, and new monitoring methods, including remote sensing techniques, are critical for restoration projects. Second, we highlight that restored grasslands typically require ongoing disturbance management and that research is required to determine optimal approaches for implementing this management during restoration. Third, global and regional restoration agendas should be harmonized with site‐level goals, and syntheses of current knowledge and research needs must guide grassland restoration across scales. We also identify research gaps to be filled, and challenges which grasslands face in the future: (1) a need for careful target vegetation selection and climate‐adaptive restoration; (2) lack of knowledge in dynamics and restoration of several regions and grassland types, including drylands and (sub)tropical regions; (3) increased importance of species arrival sequence, and high stochasticity of species establishment; and finally (4) issues of post‐restoration management to guarantee long‐term sustainability of restored sites. A new generation of research and restoration projects to bridge these gaps is necessary to mitigate environmental challenges spanning localities to the globe as we commence the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.

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Section: Synthesis To Guide Grassland Restoration Across Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present and future of grassland restoration

Török

Brudvig

Kollmann

et al. 2021

Restoration Ecology

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100

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“…Furthermore, the pollination deficit can impact agriculture (Bauer and Wing 2010) and the dynamics of natural systems with variable importance ac- cording to the specialization of the interaction (Zamora-Gutierrez et al 2021). The elimination of disperser animals, on the other hand, can have negative effects on seedling recruitment, and understanding the plant/animal relationship is crucial in conservation programs and reforestation plans (Pérez-Méndez et al 2016;Török et al 2020). Therefore, the conservation of fragments of different sizes, as well as the establishment of corridors to connect landscapes, are very important measures to re-establish the animal populations and ensure the continuous regeneration of these communities (Tabarelli and Gascon 2005;Fontúrbel et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of pollination and dispersal syndromes for the conservation of Cerrado Rupestre fragments on ironstone outcrops immersed in an agricultural landscape

Pereira¹,

Arruda²,

Soares³

et al. 2022

NBC

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Studies on pollination and seed dispersal are essential for the conservation of plant diversity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the pollination and dispersal syndromes of five fragments of the Cerrado Rupestre immersed in an agricultural landscape to answer the following questions: (i) What is the frequency of pollination and dispersal syndromes among species and individuals?; (ii) Which are the predominant pollination and seed dispersal syndromes in this environment?. A total of 66 species, belonging to 44 genera and 29 botanical families, were evaluated. Melittophily was the most common type of pollination syndrome, observed in 54.55% of the species, followed by phalenophily (9.09%), cantharophily, ornithophily, quiropterophilly and sphingophily (all 3.03%), and psychophilly (1.51%). Generalist pollination represented 22.73% of the records. Of the 1246 individuals identified, 59.23% were melitophilous, 25.20% generalists, 5.86% phalenophilous, 3.37% quiropterophilous, 2.49% cantharophilous, 2.25% ornithophilous, 1.44% sphingophilous and 0.16% psychophilous. Regarding dispersion syndromes, zoochory was the most common type of dispersion, observed in 68.18% of the species, followed by anemochory (28.79%) and autochory (3.03%). On the other hand, the frequency among individuals differed from the values found for frequency among species. Of the 1246 individuals identified, 55.38% were anemochoric, 43.10% zoochoric, and 1.52% autochoric. Our results demonstrate the predominance of biotic syndromes in the community, especially melittophily and zoochory, contributing to a better understanding of the functionality and availability of resources in the community, as well as indispensable information for the conservation, management, and restoration of natural environments.

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“…Mackenzie and Keith 2009;Cuneo et al 2018), whereas in others, the magnitude of the ecological knowledge gap may be too great to justify action. For many taxa, there is little knowledge available to inform how, for example, intervention in germination triggers or pollinator networks may benefit the species (Williams 2006;Silcock et al 2015;Scheele et al 2018), or whether modification to habitat is required to improve above-ground presence and dispersal mechanisms (Török et al 2020). But for species where available life-history data span only a fraction of their expected life span (which may be 100 years or more), there is a need for caution before implementing management practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple lines of evidence infer centurial-scale habitat change and resilience in a threatened plant species at Mount Dangar, Hunter Valley, New South Wales

Bell

Lamrock²,

Haines

et al. 2022

Aust. J. Bot.

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Context. Populations of the threatened plant Acacia dangarensis at Mount Dangar (Hunter Valley, New South Wales) may best be managed by recognising centurial, rather than decadal, change in habitat. Aim. Multiple data sources have been used to explore the hypothesis that aboveground presence of A. dangarensis is driven by centurial-scale cycles in climate (wet-dry phases) and fire. Methods. Current-day floristic composition is contrasted with that documented by pre-and post-1900 botanical explorers for A. dangarensis and the fire-sensitive Callitris glaucophylla. Examination of fire history, oral recollections, rainfall and specimen collection databases, and radiocarbon ( 14 C) and dendrochronological analyses of A. dangarensis have been used to build an ecological history of Mount Dangar. Key results. There is no evidence of A. dangarensis occurring on Mount Dangar between 1825 (the first documented exploration) and 1979 (the first collection). Furthermore, historical wet-dry cycles where sufficient fuel was likely to have accumulated to propagate fire (required for seed germination) infer that the species may have last germinated from the seed bank c. 1730, but senesced prior to 1825. Our results suggest that a major fire during the extremely dry Austral summer of 1957-1958 killed most of the then dominant C. glaucophylla individuals. This fire followed 7-10 years of well above-average rainfall, allowing sufficient fuels to accumulate for fire to heat the soil and again release Acacia seed from dormancy. Conclusions. Long-term resilience in A. dangarensis is highlighted irrespective of fire irregularity and recurrent drought that have occurred over at least the past 195 years. Implications. Centurial-scale cycles in climate and fire appear to drive above-ground presence in this species. When present, occasional fruiting events may be sufficient to maintain the seed bank until suitable climatic conditions again favour a major wildfire event and subsequent seedling recruitment.

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The importance of dispersal and species establishment in vegetation dynamics and resilience

Cited by 20 publications

References 73 publications

The present and future of grassland restoration

The present and future of grassland restoration

The importance of pollination and dispersal syndromes for the conservation of Cerrado Rupestre fragments on ironstone outcrops immersed in an agricultural landscape

Multiple lines of evidence infer centurial-scale habitat change and resilience in a threatened plant species at Mount Dangar, Hunter Valley, New South Wales

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The importance of dispersal and species establishment in vegetation dynamics and resilience

Cited by 20 publications

References 73 publications

The present and future of grassland restoration

The present and future of grassland restoration

﻿The importance of pollination and dispersal syndromes for the conservation of Cerrado Rupestre fragments on ironstone outcrops immersed in an agricultural landscape

Multiple lines of evidence infer centurial-scale habitat change and resilience in a threatened plant species at Mount Dangar, Hunter Valley, New South Wales

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The importance of pollination and dispersal syndromes for the conservation of Cerrado Rupestre fragments on ironstone outcrops immersed in an agricultural landscape