The importance of coal combustion and heterogeneous reaction for atmospheric nitrate pollution in a cold metropolis in China: Insights from isotope fractionation and Bayesian mixing model

Sun, Xiazhong; Zong, Zheng; Wang, Kun; Li, Bo; Fu, Donglei; Shi, Xiaofei; Lu, Lu; Thapa, Samit; Qi, Hong; Tian, Chongguo

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117730

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…3c), with a half-day period mass-weighted average of +72.66 ‰ and a standard deviation of 3.42 ‰. The results are within the observed δ 18 O range in cool seasons over the Mount Lulin site in Taiwan (69 ‰ ± 15 ‰ reported by Guha et al, 2017) and in the typical range of other studies (averaged value from 70.9 ‰ to 83.8 ‰) (Savarino et al, 2007;Wankel et al, 2010;Fan et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2020). The relatively higher δ 18 O compared to summer samples (32 ‰ ± 13 ‰ reported by Guha et al, 2017) indicates that more NO 3 − precursors (i.e., NO x ) were formed by O 3 oxidation whether it was further oxidized through OH oxidation of NO 2 or N 2 O 5 hydrolysis pathways (from +72.5 ‰ to +101.67 ‰, detailed description in the Supplement).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis

Chen

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Ammonium and nitrate are major N-containing aerosol components. The deposition of N-containing aerosols has impacts on regional ecology and the biogeochemical cycle. In this study, aerosols in a rural cloud forest (Xitou in Taiwan) were studied using 15N and 18O isotope analysis to assess the sources and formation pathways of the local N-containing aerosols linking to a metropolitan. Aerosol samples of different size ranges were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) on a half-day basis in December 2018. The chemical functional groups were analyzed using a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) technique, while the isotope analysis was performed using a gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC–IRMS). The average measured aerosol concentration (PM10) was 0.98 (ranging from 0.15 to 3.31) and 0.25 (ranging from 0.00 to 1.51) µg m−3 for NH4+ and NO3-, respectively. In general, a higher concentration than nighttime was observed during the daytime by a factor of 1.5–6, likely due to the transportation of pollutants from upper-stream urban and industrial regions through the local sea breeze combined with valley wind. The presence of fog can further elevate the concentration by a factor of 2–3, resulting from the stronger inversion and lower boundary layer height. The higher NH4+ concentration in fine particles under foggy conditions corresponds to submicron-sized NO3- formation via aqueous-phase dissolution with NH4+ neutralization. Furthermore, the higher RH during fog events shifted the mass distribution of aerosol functional groups to a larger mode size. By comparing the δ15N value directly or through the analysis using a statistical isotope mixing model, MixSIAR, NH4+ probably originated from the industries, coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), or fertilizer plants, while NO3- might be contributed from the CFPP, industrial or urban sources. The overall δ18O of NO3- is +72.66 ‰ ± 3.42 ‰, similar to that in other winter Asian studies, suggesting the major formation pathway via O3 oxidation (δ18O=+72.5 ‰ to 101.67 ‰). However, a lower δ18O (<+67 ‰) for particles less than 0.56 µm during foggy daytime suggests the local contribution via the peroxyl radical oxidation before partitioning into aerosol phase under foggy conditions. Overall, the δ15N and δ18O distribution profiles as a function of particle size in the studied rural forest site reveal the evolution of aerosol composition from remote coastal regions with chemical processes along the transport process, which can be further affected by weather conditions such as fog events.

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis

Chen

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Most cities in China have experienced a dramatic increase in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), especially during winter. Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA: NH 4 + , NO 3 – , and SO 4 2– ) dominate the composition of PM 2.5 , contributing to 30–77% and driving the formation of hazes. , Recent studies have found a significant decrease in the mass concentration of SO 4 2– in PM 2.5 , while the contribution of NO 3 – has become more prominent. − During severe haze episodes, the mass fractions of NO 3 – in PM 2.5 and SIA exceed 30 and 50%, respectively. , It is of great significance for understanding NO 3 – formation in heavy haze episodes to alleviate haze occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA: NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− ) dominate the composition of PM 2.5 , contributing to 30−77% and driving the formation of hazes. 1,2 Recent studies have found a significant decrease in the mass concentration of SO 4 2− in PM 2.5 , while the contribution of NO 3 − has become more prominent. 3−6 During severe haze episodes, the mass fractions of NO 3 − in PM 2.5 and SIA exceed 30 and 50%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Contribution of NO₃ Radical to NO₃^– Formation during Heavy Haze Episodes: Insights from High-Time Resolution of Dual Isotopes Δ¹⁷O and δ¹⁸O

Feng,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Emission factors of PM2.5-Bounded selected metals, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and water-soluble ionic species emitted from combustions of biomass materials for source Apportionment—A new database for 17 plant species

Pongpiachan

Wang

Chetiyanukornkul

et al. 2022

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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The importance of coal combustion and heterogeneous reaction for atmospheric nitrate pollution in a cold metropolis in China: Insights from isotope fractionation and Bayesian mixing model

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis

Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis

Dominant Contribution of NO₃ Radical to NO₃^– Formation during Heavy Haze Episodes: Insights from High-Time Resolution of Dual Isotopes Δ¹⁷O and δ¹⁸O

Emission factors of PM2.5-Bounded selected metals, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and water-soluble ionic species emitted from combustions of biomass materials for source Apportionment—A new database for 17 plant species

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The importance of coal combustion and heterogeneous reaction for atmospheric nitrate pollution in a cold metropolis in China: Insights from isotope fractionation and Bayesian mixing model

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis

Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis

Dominant Contribution of NO3 Radical to NO3– Formation during Heavy Haze Episodes: Insights from High-Time Resolution of Dual Isotopes Δ17O and δ18O

Emission factors of PM2.5-Bounded selected metals, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and water-soluble ionic species emitted from combustions of biomass materials for source Apportionment—A new database for 17 plant species

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Dominant Contribution of NO₃ Radical to NO₃^– Formation during Heavy Haze Episodes: Insights from High-Time Resolution of Dual Isotopes Δ¹⁷O and δ¹⁸O