The Importance of Being a ‘Lark’ in Post-Menopausal Women with Obesity: A Ploy to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Barrea, Luigi; Vetrani, Claudia; Altieri, Barbara; Verde, Ludovica; Savastano, Silvia; Colao, Annamaria; Muscogiuri, Giovanna

doi:10.3390/nu13113762

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Beyond an unhealthier lifestyle than other chronotypes, subjects with evening chronotype had significantly higher risk to have T2D and cardiovascular diseases compared to morning chronotype after adjustment for gender, BMI, sleep quality, and adherence to the MD [31]. These findings were also confirmed in a cross-sectional study carried out in postmenopausal women [32]. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 49 premenopausal and 74 postmenopausal women with obesity.…”

Section: Chronotype and Cardiometabolic Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

The EASO New Investigator Award in Clinical Research 2021: Role of Chronotype in Obesity

Muscogiuri

2022

Obes Facts

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Background: Chronotype is the expression of the timing of circadian rhythmicity of a subject, and three categories of chronotype have been identified: morning, evening and intermediate chronotype. Subjects with morning chronotype prefer to carry out most of their daily activities in the morning while subjects with evening chronotype perform most of their daily activities in the second half of the day. Intermediate chronotype is in an intermediate position between the above reported categories. Recently evening chronotype has been associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to review the current evidence on the role of chronotype categories on the risk of developing obesity and the most common obesity-related comorbidities (cardiometabolic and neoplastic complications). Summary: Subjects with evening chronotype have been reported to be at high risk of developing obesity and this was mostly due to the tendency of these subjects to follow unhealthy lifestyle mostly characterized by sedentary behavior and high intake of unhealthy food. In addition, sleep disturbances are a common finding in subjects with evening chronotype that in turn could further contribute to the risk of obesity. The impairment of insulin sensitivity, melatonin, adiponectin and clock genes function along with increase of leptin secretion detected in subjects with evening chronotype could also represent a favorable milieu for the onset of obesity-related cancer. The current evidence are limited to breast, prostate and endometrial cancer. Key Messages: The chronotype categories could be easy assessed in subjects with obesity and at the same time provide an important information on an additional risk factor predisposing to the onset of obesity-related comorbidities. Since chronotype could be modified through a behavioral-driven approach thus potentiating the efficacy of anti-obesity treatment, the assessment of chronotype categories should be included in the management of obesity.

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Section: Chronotype and Cardiometabolic Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

The EASO New Investigator Award in Clinical Research 2021: Role of Chronotype in Obesity

Muscogiuri

2022

Obes Facts

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“…Anthropometric measures were collected by a single skilled nutritionist at each visit between 8 a.m. and 10 a.m. Weight, height, and waist circumference were detected in participants wearing light clothing and no shoes, after an overnight fast, according to standard procedures [ 40 , 41 ]. Weight and height were used to calculate BMI (kg/m 2 ) [ 42 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation with medium-chain fatty acids increases body weight loss during very low-calorie ketogenic diet: a retrospective analysis in a real-life setting

et al. 2023

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Background Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has shown to significantly reduce body weight and fat mass, as well as inflammation. These effects are supported by nutritional ketosis, which triggers the utilization of the ketone body as an energy source. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCTs) might serve as potential enhancers of ketone bodies production with a greater effect on weight loss. Nevertheless, no clinical studies have evaluated the effect of MCTs supplementation in addition to VLCKD. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether the supplementation with MCTs can induce a greater weight reduction during the ketogenic phase of VLCKD. Methods In this retrospective study, 263 women with overweight/obesity (body mass index, BMI: 35.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2) aged 37.5 ± 14.2 years followed one of these dietary protocols for 45 days: (a) Control group, 83 participants (31.6%) (VLCKD without MCTs), (b) VLCKD + MCTs group, 86 participants (32.7%) (MCTs supplementation − 20 g/day- during VLCKD starting from the first day of the active phase), (c) VLCKD + earlyMCTs, 94 participants (35.7%) (MCTs supplementation − 20 g/day-starting from 5 days before the beginning of the VLCKD active phase. Anthropometric measures, body composition, and c-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were collected at the beginning and at the end (45 days) of the VLCKD intervention. Results MCTs supplementation significantly decreased body weight, BMI, and waist circumference as compared to the control group, with a greater effect in the VLCKD + earlyMCTs group. A two-fold decrease in fat mass and an increase in muscle mass were observed in the VLCKD + earlyMCTs group as compared to the control group. As for inflammation, hs-CRP concentrations (assessed as absolute percent change) were significantly lower in the VLCKD + MCTs group (p = 0.009) and the VLCKD + earlyMCTs group (p = 0.011) than in the control group. A logistic regression model showed that VLCKD + earlyMCTs increase the likelihood of improvement of BMI classes (OR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.02–3.36) also after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Conclusion MCTs supplementation (20 g/day) may be a useful tool to enhance the beneficial effect of VLCKD on the reduction of body weight and fat mass. In particular, MCTs supplementation before the beginning of the VLCKD active phase might facilitate ketosis thus contributing to the effectiveness of the nutritional intervention.

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“…As previously reported, 7,9,32,33 the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was administered to assess participants' chronotype, which consists of 19 multiple-choice questions, each with 4 or 5 response options, on sleep habits and daily performance. 8 For example, the questions investigate the time habits of daily activities such as waking up, exercising, working, but also the times when one feels most tired or has the most energy or mental concentration.…”

Section: Chronotype Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evening chronotype is associated with hormonal and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome

Barrea

Verde

Vetrani

et al. 2022

Journal of Pineal Research

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Despite current treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a considerable number of women with this syndrome do not reach the treatment goal, suggesting the presence of other probable misdiagnosed features of this syndrome that are not taken into account in the assessment and therefore in the therapeutical approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of chronotype categories in women with PCOS and their role in determining hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS. This observational case‐control study was conducted on 112 women with PCOS and 112 healthy women matched for age and body mass index (BMI). At baseline anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, BMI and waist circumference, clinical parameters such as Ferriman−Gallwey (FG) score, biochemical parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels and assessment of the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HoMA‐IR), inflammatory parameters such as C‐reactive protein (CRP) and hormonal parameters such as testosterone levels were evaluated. Women with PCOS had a lower chronotype score (p < .001) which indicates a higher prevalence of evening chronotype (EC) category (p = .037) compared to controls. After adjustment for BMI, chronotype score was significantly negatively correlated with CRP levels (r = −0.418, p < .001), testosterone levels (r = −0.543, p < .001) and FG score (r = −0.514, p < .001). Linear regression analysis showed that high testosterone levels were among the factors most associated with a lower chronotype score (p < .001), followed by BMI (p < .001) and HoMA‐IR (p < .05). In conclusion, there is a higher prevalence of EC in women with PCOS than in women without the condition, which in turn was associated with a worse hormonal and metabolic profile. These findings provide support for the relevance of including chronotype assessment in the treatment of women with PCOS.

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The Importance of Being a ‘Lark’ in Post-Menopausal Women with Obesity: A Ploy to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

The EASO New Investigator Award in Clinical Research 2021: Role of Chronotype in Obesity

The EASO New Investigator Award in Clinical Research 2021: Role of Chronotype in Obesity

Supplementation with medium-chain fatty acids increases body weight loss during very low-calorie ketogenic diet: a retrospective analysis in a real-life setting

Evening chronotype is associated with hormonal and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome

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