The Importance of Apple Rootstocks on Tree Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality, Leaf Nutrition, and Photosynthesis with an Emphasis on `Fuji'

Fallahi, Esmaeil; Colt, W. Michael; Fallahi, Bahar; Chun, Ik-Jo

doi:10.21273/horttech.12.1.38

Cited by 73 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Trees grafted on MA and MC appears to have the lowest leaf macronutrient concentration. The same effect on the leaf concentration was also found in lower vigour rootstocks in apple [29, 32, 33]. Several researchers have shown that scion leaves of trees on more vigorous rootstocks have higher mineral (K, Mg) content than those on size-controlling rootstocks [32, 34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. ‘Santa Maria’ in semi-arid conditions

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRootstocks play an essential role to determining orchard performance of fruit trees. Pyrus communis and Cydonia oblonga are widely used rootstocks for European pear cultivars. The lack of rootstocks adapted to different soil conditions and different grafted cultivars is widely acknowledged in pear culture. Cydonia rootstocks (clonal) and Pyrus rootstocks (seedling or clonal) have their advantages and disadvantages. In each case, site-specific environmental characteristics, specific cultivar response and production objectives must be considered before choosing the best rootstock. In this study, the influence of three Quince (BA 29, Quince A = MA, Quince C = MC) and a local European pear seedling rootstocks on the scion yield, some fruit quality characteristics and leaf macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micro element (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B) content of ‘Santa Maria’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) were investigated.ResultsTrees on seedling rootstock had the highest annual yield, highest cumulative yield (kg tree−1), largest trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), lowest yield efficiency and lowest cumulative yield (ton ha−1) in the 10th year after planting. The rootstocks had no significant effect on average fruit weight and fruit volume. Significantly higher fruit firmness was obtained on BA 29 and Quince A. The effect of rootstocks on the mineral element accumulation (N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B) was significant. Leaf analysis showed that rootstocks used had different mineral uptake efficiencies throughout the early season.ConclusionThe results showed that the rootstocks strongly affected fruit yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element uptake of ‘Santa Maria’ pear cultivar. Pear seedling and BA 29 rootstock found to be more prominent in terms of several characteristics for ‘Santa Maria’ pear cultivar that is grown in highly calcareous soil in semi-arid climate conditions. We determined the highest N, P (although insignificant), K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu mineral element concentrations on the pear seedling and BA 29 rootstocks. According to the results, we recommend the seedling rootstock for normal density plantings (400 trees ha−1) and BA 29 rootstock for high-density plantings (800 trees ha−1) for ‘Santa Maria’ pear cultivar in semi-arid conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. ‘Santa Maria’ in semi-arid conditions

et al. 2014

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“…In contrast, the Malling-Merton 111 (MM.111) rootstock only reduces the size of the tree by roughly 20% (Wertheim 1998). Rootstock effects on scion disease susceptibility, photosynthetic activity (Fallahi et al 2002), and cold tolerance have also been reported (Webster and Wertheim 2003, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns in apple tree scions

Jensen

Makałowska

Altman

et al. 2009

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Apple trees (Malus x domestica) do not reproduce true-to-type from seed. Therefore, desirable cultivars are clonally propagated by grafting vegetative material onto rootstocks. Although cloned cultivars are genetically identical, rootstocks influence horticulturally important cultivar traits, including tree size, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, 'Gala' scions were grafted to seven different rootstocks that produce a range of tree sizes and grown in a greenhouse. Global gene expression patterns in the scions were compared using a DNA microarray representing 55,230 apple transcripts. Each rootstock triggered a distinct, reproducible scion gene expression pattern. Two thousand nine hundred thirty-four scion transcripts were differentially regulated, by a factor of two or greater, by one or more rootstocks. Transcripts from genes predicted to be involved in responses to stress and biotic and abiotic stimuli were disproportionately represented among the rootstock-regulated transcripts. Microarray data analysis based on tree size identified 116 transcripts whose expression levels were correlated with tree size. The correlation of transcript level with tree size was tested for 14 of these transcripts using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a population of orchard-grown 'Mutsu' cultivar trees grafted onto rootstocks from a breeding population of multiple crosses. Of those tested, transcripts encoding predicted sorbitol dehydrogenase, homeobox-leucine zipper, and hevein-like proteins were confirmed as being expressed at higher levels in larger trees, while a transcript predicted to encode an extensin-like protein was confirmed as being expressed at higher levels Communicated by A. DandekarElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (in smaller trees. This study illustrates the utility of using rootstock-regulated phenotypes to identify genes potentially associated with horticulturally important traits.

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“…Apple trees with different species of rootstocks, even with the same scion, had different leaf Cu content and fruit quality Chun et al, 2002;Fallahi et al, 2001Fallahi et al, , 2002. In view of this fact, rootstocks, which constitute the roots of apple trees, determine Cu uptake and accumulation in aboveground tissues, especially fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Toxicity and Accumulation in Potted Seedlings of Three Apple Rootstock Species: Implications for Safe Fruit Production on Copper-Polluted Soils

Liu

Sun

Kan

et al. 2011

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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2 A 190-d pot cultivation of three apple rootstock species, Malus hupehensis, M. prunifolia, and M. micromalus, was conducted to investigate tolerance, uptake and accumulation of copper (Cu) in different rootstock species. The calculated soil Cu concentration that reduced plant biomass by 50% decreased in M. hupehensis, M. prunifolia, and M. micromalus. This experiment showed that Cu tolerance of M. hupehensis was superior to the other rootstocks. Copper accumulation proportions in shoots or leaves of M. hupehensis were only 0.7 -7.4%, which were the lowest among the three species in both control and Cu treatments, and especially were as low as only 40 -50% of those of M. prunifolia. The results indicate that Cu-tolerant low-aboveground-Cuaccumulation rootstocks (i.e., excluder rootstocks) could be a good alternative to produce safe fruits with low Cu concentration on Cu-polluted soils without a complete ban on Cu fungicides.

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The Importance of Apple Rootstocks on Tree Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality, Leaf Nutrition, and Photosynthesis with an Emphasis on `Fuji'

Cited by 73 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. ‘Santa Maria’ in semi-arid conditions

Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. ‘Santa Maria’ in semi-arid conditions

Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns in apple tree scions

Copper Toxicity and Accumulation in Potted Seedlings of Three Apple Rootstock Species: Implications for Safe Fruit Production on Copper-Polluted Soils

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