The Importance of Acinetobacter Species in the Hospital Environment

Abstract

Introduction:Acinetobacter species is associated with health care associated infections especially in patients on respiratory therapy equipment and indwelling catheters. They are becoming increasingly drug resistant. The knowledge of the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp. is important.AimsThe study is undertaken to estimate the prevalence rate, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates. in Acinetobacter spp. from various clinical samples.Material and Methods:The isolates of Acinetobacter species obtained from various clinical specimen. Specimens were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests of the Acinetobacter isolates were done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.ResultsOut of 622 isolates, 399 isolates were from inpatients (62,18%) and 223 were from outpatients (37,82%). More than 90% of isolates displayed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, caftriaxon and amikacin. Resistance to gentamicin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were also common. Least resistance was seen to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. A total of 125 Acinetobacter isolates were analyzed, out of which 78.4 % were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Of these MDR isolates, 17.24% were pan-resistant. A. baumannii was the most common species responsible for wound infection (84,8%), pneumonia(96,15%), abscess (72.7%), urinary tract infection (85,7%) and septicemia(89,5%).Conclusion:Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is critical in the treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter. Continued surveillance of prevalent organisms in ICUs, combined with preventive measures remains absolutely essential in efforts to prevent or limit the spread of Acinetobacter infection.

Multidrug resistance pattern of Acinetobacter species isolated from clinical specimens referred to the Ethiopian Public Health Institute: 2014 to 2018 trend anaylsis

“…The overall prevalence of MDR among the isolates was 71.6% which is comparable with a report from Saudi Arabia (74%) [ 19 ] and Bosnia and Herzegovina (78.4%) [ 20 ]. However, the current finding was higher than the study conducted in Jimma which isolated the MDR Acinetobacter species from wound specimen at a rate of 57.2% [ 21 ], and in Iran at a rate of 56.7% [ 22 ].…”

Retrospective Analysis of Microbial Colonization Patterns in Central Venous Catheters, 2013–2017

“…Acinetobacter can be isolated from multiple parts of health human body [18] and reused medical devices. It could be found in many health care environment and causes human colonizer in hospitals, especially in patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units and indwelling catheters [19]. A retrospective study in an adult ICU in a tertiary care hospital has showed that most frequently isolated organism was Acinetobacter baumannii [20].…”

Pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review of current epidemiology, prognosis and treatment options

“…Supplementary PDR isolates were resistant "to all antibiotic groups except tigecycline and colistin" Owrang M et al 2018 [237] "All of the isolates were pandrug resistant A. baumannii and the lowest resistance rates were observed toward minocycline and amikacin (93.33% in both) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (92.38%)." Rebic V et al 2018 [238] Polymyxin not tested in most isolates. All isolates with susceptibility testing to colistin available were susceptible.…”