The Implications of Sports Biomechanics Studies on the Research and Development of Running Shoes: A Systematic Review

Lin, Shan; Song, Yang; Cen, Xuanzhen; Kovács, Bálint; Fekete, Gusztáv; Sun, Dong

doi:10.3390/bioengineering9100497

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Based on biological principles, too great knee exion will have the following effects on college students' running posture: Firstly, too great knee exion will aggravate the joint burden. Excessive knee exion will lead to excessive knee joint bending, resulting in excessive joint load, which is easy to cause joint fatigue and injury [15].…”

Section: Too Great Knee Exionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running Posture Optimization in the Process of Track and Field Sports Based on Biomechanical Principle

Yang,

Shi,

Huang

2023

Preprint

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This paper aims to optimize the running posture of college students by using the principle of rod model in biomechanics. Based on this, through experiments and analysis, this paper studies some posture problems existing in college students' running process, and analyzes the influence these problems may have on the speed and stability of college students, and finally puts forward some solutions. In this paper, firstly, through the analysis of college students' motion images in Sports-1M data set, the movement process of college students is grasped, and a biomechanical model of college students' running posture is established. The actual running posture of college students is compared with this model. Then, in the process of comparison, the paper finds some posture defects, such as the backward landing point of footsteps, too great knee flexion and so on, which may lead to extra friction and energy loss for college students and have a great impact on their sports process. Therefore, this paper uses the image data in the data set to detect the movement state of college students, and finds that the running posture of some college students has a significant impact on their running process, so this paper makes a series of adjustments and optimizations to the running process of college students. It includes the adjustment of running posture, such as the adjustment of knee joint and elbow joint, which provides reasonable suggestions for improving the speed and stability of college students to effectively reduce the pressure on college students' knee joint and other related parts. In addition, the paper also tests the muscle electrical signals and skin reactions of college students during exercise. The results show that the optimized posture can make more effective use of muscle strength and reduce skin friction and wear during simulated running. This paper provides new ideas and examples for the optimization of college students' running posture, and also provides reference for the application and exploration of biomechanics in sports training. In addition, the paper can improve the competitive level of college students and make some contributions to the development of sports.

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Section: Too Great Knee Exionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running Posture Optimization in the Process of Track and Field Sports Based on Biomechanical Principle

Yang,

Shi,

Huang

2023

Preprint

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“…Respect to traditional racing at running shoes, AFT allow to improve running performance thanks to different features such as bending stiffness, teeter-totter effect, high energy returning midsole foam, increased stack height, and relatively low mass of shoes [2]. A recent systematic review stated that most of recent research focused on investigating the impact of running shoe midsoles, bending stiffness, and heel-to-toe drop on athletic performance [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Advanced Footwear Technology shoes in amateur runners

Bonato,

Pedrinelli,

Ferraris

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose. Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) are performance enhancing shoes that combines lightweight, resilient midsole foams with rigid moderators and pronounced rocker profiles in the soles. This was a pilot study that explored the use of AFT during training and competition and to describe the injuries sustained in amateur runners. Methods. This was a retrospective cross-sectional observational pilot study in which 61 amateur runners completed an anonymous questionnaire to determine: demographic characteristics; running activities and injuries sustained using AFT. Results.The main brands used were Nike (41%), Adidas (12%), Hoka (11%), Sauconi (10%), New Balance (8%), Puma (8%), Brooks (5%), Mizuno (3%), Under Armour (2%). Runners used AFT once a week (67.8%), up to three times a week (27.1%), and 6 times a week (5.1%) less than a year (35%), from 1 to 3 years (50%), and more than 3 years (15%). The 61.7% runners perceived a change in running technique, with greater support on the forefoot (40%), higher activation of calf muscles (36%), different torso position (13.3%), and running instability (10.7%). Onset of delayed muscle soreness appeared after 24 hours training session (62.1%), after 3 months (20.7%), after 1 month (10.3%), and after 1 week (6.9%) the use of AFT. Eight runners (11.8%) reported that they sustained an injury after the use of AFT. Conclusions. The use of AFT leads to a change perception in running technique amateur runners. Therefore, they should introduce them gradually in their training routine.

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“…Running is one of the most popular physical activities in the world, with many individuals choosing it as either a form of recreation [1] or to become professional athletes. Running-related injuries are often caused by overused or wrongly selected running shoes [2,3]; therefore, the use of the appropriate running footwear can help to minimize injury risk [4,5]. There are several literature reports investigating how shoe design can reduce injury risk or improve running performance [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several literature reports investigating how shoe design can reduce injury risk or improve running performance [6][7][8]. Footwear material can influence shock absorption; therefore, it can be an important measure of the shoe in regard to runningrelated injury prevention [5]. Embedding materials with different mechanical properties (i.e., soft, medium, and hard EVA insoles) into the shoe sole can significantly decrease the peak vertical loading rate [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Non-Newtonian Fluid Midsole Footwear on Lower Limb Biomechanics after 5 km of Running in High Temperature

Gao

Shao

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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This study’s aim was to examine the effect of non-Newtonian fluid (NN) shoe and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) shoe on human lower limb biomechanics and muscle activation during running in hot temperatures. Thirty-five men utilizing a rearfoot strike ran 5 km at a self-selected tempo at an average summer temperature of 41.7 ± 1.0 °C and relative humidity of 80.7 ± 3.5%. The kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation of the right leg were monitored from landing until the pedal was off the ground. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate the main effects of the shoe condition, temperature, and interaction effect. Wearing NN at high temperature resulted in increased hip range of motion (ROM) (p = 0.001). The knee torque increased significantly when wearing EVA and NN shoes after the temperature increased (p = 0.006). When wearing EVA and NN, the ground reaction force (GRF) and loading rate (LR) increased significantly after the temperature increased (p = 0.001; p = 0.009). When wearing NN after running for 5 km at a high temperature, the displacement range of center of pressure (COP) was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), while the EVA was significantly increased (p < 0.001). Neither pair of shoes substantially altered muscle activity. After excluding the factor of fatigue, the increase in temperature not only changed the properties of the material inside the shoe, but also changed the parameters of the biomechanics of the human lower limbs. After the temperature increases, the shoes made of non-Newtonian fluid materials can quickly stabilize under the condition of increased shear stress and reduce the displacement of the human body. Thus, it indicated that non-Newtonian fluid shoes may lower the risk of injury when running in extremely hot conditions.

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The Implications of Sports Biomechanics Studies on the Research and Development of Running Shoes: A Systematic Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Running Posture Optimization in the Process of Track and Field Sports Based on Biomechanical Principle

Running Posture Optimization in the Process of Track and Field Sports Based on Biomechanical Principle

The use of Advanced Footwear Technology shoes in amateur runners

The Effect of Non-Newtonian Fluid Midsole Footwear on Lower Limb Biomechanics after 5 km of Running in High Temperature

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