The implications of low quality bicycle paths on gaze behavior of cyclists: A field test

Vansteenkiste, Pieter; Zeuwts, Linus; Cardon, Greet; Philippaerts, Renaat; Lenoir, Matthieu

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2013.12.019

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…7 For pedestrians, natural settings and videos lead to different gaze allocation 8 and the same is expected for cyclists. Vansteenkiste et al 9 studied the visual gaze behaviour of five cyclists along a city centre route and found a greater proportion of gazes were toward the road surface when the surface quality was low than when it was high, suggesting that detection of potential obstacles was an important task. However, they did not employ a dual task or similar to distinguish critical fixations from all gaze fixations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of road lighting, cycle lighting and obstacle detection

Fotios

Qasem

Cheal

et al. 2016

Lighting Research & Technology

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This paper investigates cyclists' detection of an obstacle on the surface of the road ahead, observed in peripheral vision, and how this is affected by variations in light level from road and cycle lighting. The data analysed were the height at which a rising obstacle was detected, this simulating an approaching irregularity in the road surface. The results suggest that when cycling on a lit road, cycle lighting frequently offers no benefit for peripheral detection and may make it worse. It was demonstrated that position matters: At low illuminances, a hub-mounted lamp improved detection over a handlebar-mounted lamp. This benefit was sufficient to offset the reduction in detection found when decreasing road lighting from 2.0 lux to 0.2 lux.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of road lighting, cycle lighting and obstacle detection

Fotios

Qasem

Cheal

et al. 2016

Lighting Research & Technology

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“…For example, it has long been found that drivers will reduce speed to compensate temporary loss of visual feedback (Senders, Kristofferson et al 1967). More recently, it is also found that on rough road surfaces cyclists spend great attentional resources on monitoring proximate road properties (Vansteenkiste, Zeuwts et al 2014). This is generally in line with an early study conducted by Wilkie and Wann that found participants actively choose gaze strategies for a steering-through-slalom-gates task (Wilkie, Wann et al 2008).…”

Section: Chapter Three -Study 2: a Test Of Steering In Optic Flow Expsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…With all this said, there are obviously other issues at work in determining optimal targets for fixation. A real-world study tested the roles of fixation location during cycling along different road surfaces (smooth, high quality surface vs. rough, low quality surface) (Vansteenkiste, Zeuwts et al 2014). The authors found that shifting fixations towards proximate road properties helped cyclists maintain the desired riding speed on a rough surface.…”

Section: Visual Cues For Steeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor basis of motor vehicle control

Xu¹

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Driving represents one of the most common modes of transport world-wide. It is also one of the major causes of death and injury in developed societies prompting technological innovations through which computers share or assume control of the task of driving, through a range of Advanced Driver Assisting Systems (ADAS). Given the lengthy and substantial investment in such systems it is perhaps surprising how little we understand about how humans control motor vehicles and why, on occasion, this control fails. This is actually a problem. Driver-assist systems that do not understand human drivers well can be dangerous and promote unforeseen risks. For example, anti-lock braking systems, which are designed to prevent skidding during heavy braking, do not always have the positive impact on safety one might expect (Farmer, Lund et al. 1997, Sagberg, Fosser et al. 1997, perhaps because their operation does not mesh seamlessly with the expectations of drivers or other road users.One route to gaining a better understanding of the control processes employed by drivers, is through the study of situations in which standard steering strategies fail. In this thesis the In this thesis, we investigated this effect in a series of experiments aimed at getting to the bottom of the causes of this error. The thesis begins by seeking to generalize the effect from the special case of a straight road which was the focus of earlier studies. This was deemed important because a typical steering wheel has a natural tendency to re-centre itself. It is possible that this behaviour reduces the active steering movements a driver must make during a lane change, since they do not have to actively return the steering-wheel to the neutral position. For that reason, we designed a circular road on which a non-zero steering wheel angle was required at all times. Through this study, we were able to conclude that the effect does generalize.In a second set of experiments we attempted to investigate which visual cues are essential for drivers to correct their error. Apparently, a normal road with redundant information provides sufficient visual feedback for drivers to make a lane change. However, it is of interest to know to what extent the visual feedback can be reduced and still meet the minimum requirement. In our study, we chose optic flow as a starting point. Optic flow has previously been shown to suffice for the purpose of heading perception and heading control.A number of 'steering-towards-a-target' studies also found that optic flow is tightly related to ii steering performance. Hence, we asked whether optic flow was sufficient for controlling a lane change manoeuvre and, unlike much of the previous studies on flow, we posed the question in an active steering task, revealing that flow alone is not sufficient to prompt correct lane changing behaviour.In the concluding set of experiments we took our studies out into the field. Most previous studies on lane changing have been conducted in driving simulators. Simulators are limited in that th...

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“…Therefore, researchers are now executing a growing number of experiments in real-world environments. Multiple eye tracking experiments exist that analyze pedestrians' [Brügger et al 2018;Davoudian and Raynham 2012;Fotios et al 2015a,b;Kiefer et al 2014Kiefer et al , 2012Wenczel et al 2017] or cyclists' behavior [Mantuano et al 2016;Schmidt and von Stülp-nagel 2018;Vansteenkiste et al 2014]. In contrast to existing works, we are presenting a visual analytics-based approach to explore patterns, extract common eye movement strategies, and enable a combined analysis of the multi-modal data.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas researchers have analyzed the visual perception of car drivers in many eye tracking experiments [Kapitaniak et al 2015], there are only few experiments performed with pedestrians and cyclists. In recent years, researchers have published a growing number of eye tracking experiments analyzing pedestrians and cyclists (e. g., [Davoudian and Raynham 2012;Kiefer et al 2012;Mantuano et al 2016;Vansteenkiste et al 2014;Wenczel et al 2017]). In this paper, we apply a visual analyticsbased method to analyze gaze behavior of pedestrians and cyclists in a real-world eye tracking experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%