The implications of large binding energies of massive stripped core collapse supernova progenitors on the explosion mechanism

Abstract

We examine the binding energies of massive stripped-envelope core collapse supernova (SECCSN) progenitors with the stellar evolution code mesa, and find that the jittering jets explosion mechanism is preferred for explosions where carbon-oxygen cores with masses of $\gtrsim 20 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ collapse to leave a neutron star (NS) remnant. We calculate the binding energy at core collapse under the assumption that the remnant is a NS. Namely, stellar gas above mass coordinate of ≃ 1.5 − 2.5 M⊙ is ejected in the explosion. We find that the typical binding energy of the ejecta of stripped-envelope progenitors with carbon-oxygen core masses of $M_{\rm CO} \gtrsim 20 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ is $E_{\rm bind} \gtrsim 2 \times 10^{51} {~\rm erg}$. We claim that jets are most likely to explode such cores as jet-driven explosion mechanisms can supply high energies to the explosion. We apply our results to SN 2020qlb, which is a SECCSN with a claimed core mass of ≃ 30 − 50 M⊙, and conclude that the jittering jets explosion mechanism best accounts for such an explosion that leaves a NS.

Multiple Peaks and a Long Precursor in the Type IIn Supernova 2021qqp: An Energetic Explosion in a Complex Circumstellar Environment

“…Along the allowed region, the CSM mass is relatively well constrained to M CSM ≈ 2-4 M e . The SN ejecta is constrained to have an energy of 3 × 10 51 erg, which is slightly larger than typical values but still consistent with the stellar explosion scenario, potentially further enhanced by jets (e.g., Soker 2010;Papish & Soker 2011;Shishkin & Soker 2023).…”

Predicting Gravitational Waves from Jittering-jets-driven Core Collapse Supernovae

“…The goal of this exploratory study is to estimate the expected contribution of jittering jets to gravitational wave emission from CCSNe. The motivation for this studyresults from recent studies that support the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) of CCSNe (e.g., Soker 2022aSoker , 2022cSoker , 2023bShishkin & Soker 2023), and the very recent study by Gottlieb et al (2023) who found that the turbulent cocoons that energetic relativistic jets form can be a strong source of gravitational waves. A cocoon is the convective bubble that a jet inflates, even if not relativistic (e.g., Izzo et al 2019), and is filled with the shocked jet's material and the shocked ambient material.…”