The implications of climate and gap microclimate for seedling growth conditions in a Bornean lowland rain forest

Brown, Nick

doi:10.1017/s0266467400007136

Cited by 159 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Brown (1993) encontrou uma forte relação entre tamanhos de clareiras e as variáveis microclimáticas em floresta tropical na ilha de Bornéu (Malásia). Ele constatou que, em condição natural, a sobrevivência e o crescimento das plântulas, tanto de espécies …”

Section: Mortalidadeunclassified

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Efeito de diferentes tamanhos de clareiras, sobre o crescimento e a mortalidade de espécies arbóreas, em Moju-PA

Jardim¹,

Serrão²,

Nemer³

2007

Acta Amaz.

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RESUMOCrescimento e mortalidade de Sterculia pruriens, Vouacapoua americana, Jacaranda copaia, Protium paraensis, Newtonia suaveolens e Tabebuia serratifolia, considerando diferentes tamanhos de clareiras, foram avaliados em Moju -PA(2°07'30" e 2°12'06" de latitude Sul e 48°46'57" e 48°48'30" de longitude a Oeste de Greenwitch). Selecionou-se nove clareiras da exploração florestal, que foram agrupadas em pequenas (200m 2 <Área<400m 2--) , médias(400m 2 <Área<600m 2 ) e grandes (>600m 2 ). Em seu torno instalouse parcelas quadradas de cinco metros de lado, nas direções Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste, onde foram plantados indivíduos da regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas. No centro de cada clareira foi instalada uma parcela de 5m X 5m como comparador. A média da mortalidade total foi de 46,9%, não havendo diferenças entre as clareiras pequenas(41,05%) e médias(43,86%), mas estas diferiram das grandes(54,96%). As clareiras pequenas são mais propícias para a maioria das espécies, exceto para J. copaia e N. suaveolens, cujas mortalidades foram menores nas clareiras médias. A mortalidade variou de 14,5%(S. pruriens) nas clareiras pequenas a 70,1%(V. americana) em clareiras grandes, sendo que S. pruriens mostrou menor mortalidade em todos os tamanhos de clareiras. As espécies morreram mais em clareiras grandes. A mortalidade está entre os valores encontrados na literatura, permitindo concluir que não se pode classificar com precisão as espécies em grupos ecológicos somente com base na mortalidade ou sobrevivência. Em termos de crescimento, os resultados indicam que os melhores sítios para desenvolvimento das espécies são as clareiras médias, seguidos pelas clareiras grandes e pequenas. Em termos gerais, a média de crescimento em altura foi de 11,34cm e de 0,11cm em diâmetro de base, com valores maiores para J. copaia. Somente V. americana e P. paraenses não apresentaram diferenças significativas no crescimento em altura em relação aos diferentes tamanhos de clareiras. Os valores de crescimento e mortalidade das espécies apresentaram variações em relação aos diferentes tamanhos de clareiras. J. copaia e N. suaveolens apresentaram melhor desempenho, tanto em termos de mortalidade como de crescimento em altura e diâmetro de base nas clareiras médias, todavia essa mortalidade foi elevada em comparação com S. pruriens. PALAVRAS-CHAVECrescimento e mortalidade de plântulas, regeneração natural, clareiras artificiais, floresta tropical.Effect of diferente gap sizes on the growth and mortality of arboreal species, in Moju-PA ABSTRACT Growth and mortality of Sterculia pruriens, Vouacapoua americana, Jacaranda copaia, Protium paraensis, Newtonia suaveolens and Tabebuia serratifolia regarding different gap sizes, had been evaluated in

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Section: Mortalidadeunclassified

“…Quanto maior o tamanho da clareira, maiores são os valores extremos dos parâmetros microclimáticos e da influência da penumbra (Brown, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito de diferentes tamanhos de clareiras, sobre o crescimento e a mortalidade de espécies arbóreas, em Moju-PA

Jardim¹,

Serrão²,

Nemer³

2007

Acta Amaz.

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“…Species composition, canopy openness, tree density and vertical stratification affect the light environment in the forest floor (Brown & Parker 1994, Canham et al 1990. A decrease in irradiance following canopy closure entails a decrease in temperature and vapour pressure deficit (Brown 1993, Heithecker & Halpern 2007. Similarly, foliage density and vertical distribution, along with the presence of litter, also modifies soil water content (Camargo & Kapos 1995, Marthews et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental changes during secondary succession in a tropical dry forest in Mexico

et al. 2011

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Vegetation and environment change mutually during secondary succession, yet the idiosyncrasies of the vegetation effect on the understorey environment are poorly understood. To test whether the successional understorey environment changes predictably and is shaped by the structure and seasonality of tropical dry forests, we estimated basal area and vegetation cover, and measured understorey temperature, light and moisture conditions, in 17 plots forming a 60-y chronosequence and a mature forest. Light and air and soil temperature decreased with time (75−15% of open-sky radiation, 31.7−29.3 • C, and +2.5 • C to −0.5 • C relative to ambient, respectively), whereas relative humidity increased (67−74%). Soil water availability increased with early-successional development (−45 to −1 kPa) but decreased afterwards (to −18 kPa). The first axis of a PCA of the rainy-season environment explained 60% of the variation and was strongly related to air temperature and relative humidity. During tropical dry-forest succession, such factors may be more important than light, the reduction in which is not extreme compared with taller and more vertically stratified wet forests. Seasonality significantly affected the successional environmental gradients, which were marked mainly during the wet season. Environmental heterogeneity was higher in the wet than in the dry season, and larger for resources (light and water) than for conditions (temperature and humidity). The wet-season increase in environmental heterogeneity potentially creates differential growing scenarios; the environmental harshness of the dry season would mostly challenge seedling survival.

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“…Although light availability is likely to be the resource that shows the most variation across gaps of different sizes (Brown 1993, Grace 1991, Vitousek & Denslow 1986), traditional shade-house experiments in which plants are exposed to relatively constant light environments are unlikely to capture this variation in a realistic way. Natural gaps in forest receive prolonged periods of mostly diffuse radiation while the sun is obscured by canopy, and periods of direct radiation when the sun is above the gap.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth responses of seedlings of two neotropical pioneer species to simulated forest gap environments

1999

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ABSTRACT. Traditional shade house experiments that expose plants to relatively uniform irradiance and light quality are inadequate to characterize the morphological, allocational and physiological plasticity that seedlings show to different gap environments. Here the design of a pot experiment is described that simulates the daily time course of irradiance and light quality in idealized gaps of six different sizes. Differences in response to gap size are illustrated using data from two pioneer species, Ochroma pyramidale, which recruits exclusively in large gaps and clearings, and Luehea seemannii, which colonizes small branchfall gaps as well as large gaps. Ochroma outperformed Luehea in relative growth rate in all except the smallest simulated gap size. Ochroma's superior performance in the larger gaps could be attributed to a larger proportional investment in leaf biomass (i.e. a higher leaf area ratio, LAR), and higher photosynthetic rates both on a leaf area and leaf mass basis. In the smallest simulated gaps LAR was not significantly different between the species, but Ochroma maintained a higher net assimilation rate. These results fail to support the suggestion that gap partitioning among pioneer species arises directly from morphological and biochemical specialization to particular gap light environments. Instead, it is suggested that partitioning may result from a trade-off between seedling growth and mortality determined by species allocational patterns and mediated by interactions with herbivores and pathogens.

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The implications of climate and gap microclimate for seedling growth conditions in a Bornean lowland rain forest

Cited by 159 publications

References 20 publications

Efeito de diferentes tamanhos de clareiras, sobre o crescimento e a mortalidade de espécies arbóreas, em Moju-PA

Efeito de diferentes tamanhos de clareiras, sobre o crescimento e a mortalidade de espécies arbóreas, em Moju-PA

Environmental changes during secondary succession in a tropical dry forest in Mexico

Growth responses of seedlings of two neotropical pioneer species to simulated forest gap environments

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