The implication of chemical extraction treatments on the cell wall nanostructure of softwood

Jungnikl, Karin; Paris, Oskar; Fratzl, Peter; Burgert, Ingo

doi:10.1007/s10570-007-9181-5

Cited by 69 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Cracking of the wood cell wall during drying is a known process that has been reported in literature. 48,49 It was also shown that the MAA functionalization effectively reduced the shrinkages of the final materials by 64% (Dl rad in MA 2clc) in relation to the delig templates and increased the final masses of the 2inf samples by 213%, a phenomenon that was also reported by others. 43,50 The thermal properties of 2inf templates, assessed by simultaneous TGA/DTA analysis showed the mass losses and according DTA signals typical for cellulosic materials (Fig.…”

Section: A Dimensional and Mass Changessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Therefore, the scattering was presumably dominated by the contrast between the biopolymers and cracks that might have been formed upon drying the samples. 48 Infiltration of extracted templates with TEOS (extr inf and extr 2inf) did not change the scattering pattern significantly, suggesting that TEOS hardly penetrates into the cell wall. In the scattering patterns of the calcined samples (extr clc and extr 2clc), the fibrillar structures with radius 5 nm had completely disappeared.…”

Section: Small-angle X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Silica replication of the hierarchical structure of wood with nanometer precision

et al. 2011

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The structural features of wood were replicated in silica on all levels of hierarchy from the macroscopic to the nanoscopic level of the cellulose elementary fibrils. This was achieved by a series of processing steps on spruce wood templates. Sodium chlorite was used to partially remove the lignin matrix from the wood cell walls, exposing the cellulose fibrils. These were optionally functionalized with maleic acid anhydride to stabilize the fibrillar structure and reduce the shrinkage of the template. Repeated infiltration with tetraethyl orthosilicate in ethanol deposited silica on the fibrils. Calcination at 500°C removed the rest of the organic template by oxidation and resulted in the fusion of the deposited material into a positive silica replica. Small-angle x-ray scattering evidenced fibrillar structures parallel to the original cellulose fibrils at length scales in the order of 10 nm, suggesting the successful nanoscopic replication of the cellulose fibrils and their orientation.

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Section: A Dimensional and Mass Changessupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Small-angle X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 92%

Silica replication of the hierarchical structure of wood with nanometer precision

et al. 2011

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“…Jakob, et al (23) succeeded in extracting an interference contribution numerically, but it was small and difficult to characterize. From this observation it may be concluded that either the packing of wood microfibrils is too irregular to diffract strongly (42) or there is insufficient X-ray contrast between the microfibrils and any interstitial material (23). Intriguingly, an equatorial X-ray diffraction peak like that from celery cellulose microfibrils was observed after spruce wood was vigorously oxidized by chlorite/acetic acid (42).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nanostructure of cellulose microfibrils in spruce wood

Fernandes

Thomas

Altaner

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

628

693

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The structure of cellulose microfibrils in wood is not known in detail, despite the abundance of cellulose in woody biomass and its importance for biology, energy, and engineering. The structure of the microfibrils of spruce wood cellulose was investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods coupled to small-angle neutron and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The scattering data were consistent with 24-chain microfibrils and favored a "rectangular" model with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces exposed. Disorder in chain packing and hydrogen bonding was shown to increase outwards from the microfibril center. The extent of disorder blurred the distinction between the I alpha and I beta allomorphs. Chains at the surface were distinct in conformation, with high levels of conformational disorder at C-6, less intramolecular hydrogen bonding and more outward-directed hydrogen bonding. Axial disorder could be explained in terms of twisting of the microfibrils, with implications for their biosynthesis.crystallinity | infrared | deuterium exchange | nuclear magnetic resonance | spin diffusion

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“…As shown in the spectrum of sample D, after the delignification treatment, the bands at 1597, 1507, and 1459 cm -1 , corresponding to the aromatic skeletal vibration and other lignin related bands (e.g. 1648, 1324 cm -1 ), disappeared (Jungnikl et al 2008). It is evident that there was little to no remaining lignin in sample D, i.e., the lignin in the wood cell wall had been removed by the NaClO2/acetic acid.…”

Section: Main Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Contributions of Basic Chemical Components to the Mechanical Behavior of Wood Fiber Cell Walls as Evaluated by Nanoindentation

Wang¹,

Li²,

Deng³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Selective chemical extraction was applied to gradually remove classes of chemical components from wood cell walls. Nanoindentation was performed on the control and treated wood cell walls to evaluate the contributions of the chemical components to the cell walls by measuring the elastic modulus, hardness, and creep compliance. Burger's model was applied to simulate the process of nanoindentation and to gain insight into the response of visco-elastic properties to the chemical components. Wood extractives showed limited effects on the cell-wall mechanics; however, the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin resulted in reductions of 11.7% and 28.4%, respectively, in the elastic modulus and 14.8% and 30.4%, respectively, in the hardness. The extraction of hemicelluloses and lignin reduced the resistance of wood cell walls to creep. Furthermore, the extracted parameters from Burger's modeling indicated that cellulose exhibited the greatest influence on the mechanical properties of wood cell wall, while hemicelluloses exhibited the greatest contribution to cell-wall viscosity, and lignin contributed extensively to cell-wall elasticity.

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The implication of chemical extraction treatments on the cell wall nanostructure of softwood

Cited by 69 publications

References 51 publications

Silica replication of the hierarchical structure of wood with nanometer precision

Silica replication of the hierarchical structure of wood with nanometer precision

Nanostructure of cellulose microfibrils in spruce wood

Contributions of Basic Chemical Components to the Mechanical Behavior of Wood Fiber Cell Walls as Evaluated by Nanoindentation

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