“…The fact that it was not possible to select a unique model based on AIC indicated that our study systems shared characteristics with both selected models. In this vein, the negative values of Tajima’s test statistic found in all Hyp-C and Hyp-AP sampling sites (Table 1 ) pointed to an excess of low frequency variants, which are the hallmark of population expansions 38 , as has been reported in other invasive species 39 . Thus, the combined evidence suggests a clear population size reduction as well as signals of ongoing population size growth in both species invading Puerto Rico.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 63%
“…Parameter estimates under both supported models (B and C) indicated severe population size reductions of over 80% and 95% of the ancestral effective population size during the invasions of Hyp-C and Hyp-AP, respectively (Table 3). In model C, the [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] for Hyp-AP (Table 3).…”
Section: Demographic History Of Both Invasionsmentioning
Hypogeococcus pungens is a species complex native to southern South America that is composed of at least five putative species, each one specialized in the use of different host plants. Two of these undescribed species were registered as invasive in Central and North America: Hyp-C is a cactophagous mealybug that became an important pest that threatens endemic cactus species in Puerto Rico, and Hyp-AP feeds on Amaranthaceae and Portulacaceae hosts, but does not produce severe damage to the host plants. We quantified genomic variation and investigated the demographic history of both invasive species by means of coalescent-based simulations using high throughput sequencing data. We also evaluated the incidence of host plant infestation produced by both species and used an ecological niche modeling approach to assess potential distribution under current and future climatic scenarios. Our genetic survey evinced the footprints of strong effective population size reduction and signals of genetic differentiation among populations within each species. Incidence of plant attacks varied between species and among populations within species, with some host plant species preferred over others. Ecological niche modeling suggested that under future climatic scenarios both species would expand their distribution ranges in Puerto Rico. These results provide valuable information for the design of efficient management and control strategies of the Puerto Rican cactus pest and shed light on the evolutionary pathways of biological invasions.
“…The fact that it was not possible to select a unique model based on AIC indicated that our study systems shared characteristics with both selected models. In this vein, the negative values of Tajima’s test statistic found in all Hyp-C and Hyp-AP sampling sites (Table 1 ) pointed to an excess of low frequency variants, which are the hallmark of population expansions 38 , as has been reported in other invasive species 39 . Thus, the combined evidence suggests a clear population size reduction as well as signals of ongoing population size growth in both species invading Puerto Rico.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 63%
“…Parameter estimates under both supported models (B and C) indicated severe population size reductions of over 80% and 95% of the ancestral effective population size during the invasions of Hyp-C and Hyp-AP, respectively (Table 3). In model C, the [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] for Hyp-AP (Table 3).…”
Section: Demographic History Of Both Invasionsmentioning
Hypogeococcus pungens is a species complex native to southern South America that is composed of at least five putative species, each one specialized in the use of different host plants. Two of these undescribed species were registered as invasive in Central and North America: Hyp-C is a cactophagous mealybug that became an important pest that threatens endemic cactus species in Puerto Rico, and Hyp-AP feeds on Amaranthaceae and Portulacaceae hosts, but does not produce severe damage to the host plants. We quantified genomic variation and investigated the demographic history of both invasive species by means of coalescent-based simulations using high throughput sequencing data. We also evaluated the incidence of host plant infestation produced by both species and used an ecological niche modeling approach to assess potential distribution under current and future climatic scenarios. Our genetic survey evinced the footprints of strong effective population size reduction and signals of genetic differentiation among populations within each species. Incidence of plant attacks varied between species and among populations within species, with some host plant species preferred over others. Ecological niche modeling suggested that under future climatic scenarios both species would expand their distribution ranges in Puerto Rico. These results provide valuable information for the design of efficient management and control strategies of the Puerto Rican cactus pest and shed light on the evolutionary pathways of biological invasions.
San Benito Archipelago is internationally important for the conservation of 13 species of seabirds. San Benito Oeste, the largest and only inhabited island, was declared mammal-free in 2000 after a series of eradications conducted in collaboration between the fishing cooperative Pescadores Nacionales de Abulón, the Mexican conservation organization, Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C., and the Mexican Government. The archipelago remained mammal-free until 2006, when an unusual invader, the Cedros island cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus cedrosensis), was accidentally introduced to San Benito Oeste island. The same collaboration scheme involving locals, conservationists, and authorities was once again put in motion, delivering tangible results. Research informed the mouse eradication strategy, the local community supported the operation, and the mouse eradication was successfully implemented in December 2013. To date (8 years later), no mammals have been recorded in the archipelago, which suggests community-led island biosecurity is working. In addition, this collaborative restoration work contributed to the creation of the Baja California Pacific Islands Biosphere Reserve, protecting 21 islands, including the San Benito Archipelago, and 97 islets in the Mexican Pacific.
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