“…Bricks manufacturing is a small-scale-based industry as the majority of actors in this industry are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) (Gomes & Hossain, 2003;Kumar et al, 2021). Accordingly, despite the flexibility SMEs can create in this sector, brick manufacturing faces several difficulties due to increased competition, low efficiency, lack of adequate funding, lack of skills, high levels of production waste, poor operational performance, and poor productivity and efficiency (Arevalo-Barrera et al, 2019;Chavez et al, 2019;Utami Handayani et al, 2020). According to Aka et al (2020), bricks production processes are characterized by high levels of nonvalue adding activities that are poorly monitored and significantly influence the production cost, quality, and duration.…”