The Implementation of Andragogy in the Adult Education Program in Ethiopia

Abstract

Although there are multiple studies about the application of andragogy in multiple disciplines, studies on the implementation of andragogy in basic adult education/literacy programs are too limited in the Ethiopian context. The overarching purpose of this study was to scrutinize the implementation of andragogy in the Integrated Functional Adult Education [IFAE] program in Ethiopia. A qualitative case study design was employed to guide this research. Through in-depth interviews and observations, the data were collected from purposively selected five facilitators and five learners. The findings of this research revealed that andragogy was not implemented satisfactorily as expected. The facilitators did not communicate the objectives of the session before each session and their effort in making adults self-directed learners is limited. The adult learners’ experience is not considered as a resource in the facilitation process. The learning content is determined by curriculum developers, and the facilitators teach the learners as it appears in the textbook without contextualizing it with the adult learners’ lives. The extrinsic motivational strategies are mostly employed to sustain adult learners in the IFAE program. The results of this study also revealed that the needs assessment of adult learners has never been done so far. The adult learners did not participate in the facilitation process. In general, the facilitation process seems dominated by prescriptions and pedagogy dependent, which is incongruent with andragogy.

Assessing Disaster Preparedness of Adult Individuals: A Phenomenological Study From the Perspective of Disaster Workers With a Specific Focus on Andragogy

“…The term Andragogy is derived from the Greek words 'andr' (man) and 'agogos' (leader, guide leader) (Çiçek, 2022). Andragogy is a framework that guides adult education practices by promoting needs-based education and the learnercentered facilitation process where the learning process is initiated more on the learner side (Desta and Gugssa, 2022). Andragogy was first introduced by Alexander Kapp in 1833 and later popularized by Malcolm Knowles in the 1960s (Çiçek, 2022).…”

“…Similarly, Carlson McCall et al (2018) argue that andragogy emphasizes the learning and internalizing learners' needs more than the teaching process and the teachers' presentation. The concept of andragogy, which is also used in adult education, makes the learning process of adults easier with its six principles (Desta and Gugssa, 2022).…”

“…Below are the assertions presented in recent literature (Purwati et al, 2022;Desta & Gugssa, 2022;Tezcan, 2022):…”