The implementation of a pharmacy residency program – A qualitative study on the diffusion of an innovation

Wang, Chih Yuan; Clavarino, Alexandra; Luetsch, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100048

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…On competing program goals, views differed from being a ‘business as usual’ foundational skill-development program to support all early career pharmacists to being a special elite program that selectively supports higher performing pharmacists towards senior role reclassifications. Similar concerns of inequity between residents and non-residents were also reported across other Australian residency sites [ 10 ]. However, some participants are in favour of the current number-limited merit-based recruitment to uphold program credibility and resident calibre.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Collectively, participants advocated for an optional and voluntary program entry with some intensive orientation and basic training prior to residency entry. Wang, Clavarino [ 10 ] affirms that to meet contemporary workforce needs, the residency program needs to integrate its objectives parallel to existing aims in hospital pharmacy education and training. Health workforce investment as well as, foundation training and early career development, is a clear collective objective on a global scale [ 1 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SHPA, the accrediting body, deliberately provides a generic vision, framework and overarching program structure to be tailored at the implementing sites. Hence, the broad directions may result in differences in expectations, experiences and implementation across the sites statewide [ 10 ]. The differences in understanding of program purpose and scope were a perceived challenge to achieving consensus for future directions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, there is only a single Australian publication of a qualitative study that explored stakeholders’ perspectives of program adoption nationwide which subsequently informed the diffusion and ongoing maintenance of pharmacy practice-integrated education and training programs [ 10 ]. To identify key influencing factors and strategies informing future planning and design of the South Australian statewide Foundation Residency program, the study aimed to explore key stakeholders’ expectations and early perceptions of the program structure, role and impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify key influencing factors and strategies informing future planning and design of the South Australian statewide Foundation Residency program, the study aimed to explore key stakeholders’ expectations and early perceptions of the program structure, role and impact. This study addresses knowledge gaps in evaluating residency program implementation in Australia [ 10 – 12 ] and is framed by an adapted version of Green and Kreuter’s [ 13 ] PRECEDE-PROCEED logic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Trying to develop a better workforce”: Stakeholders’ perspectives of a practice-integrated Australian hospital pharmacist foundation residency program

et al. 2022

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Background Practice-integrated education and professional development programs (also known as residencies), have been available to pharmacists in America and the United Kingdom for many years. In 2016, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia launched Australia’s novel Foundation Residency Program to support the development of early-career pharmacists, and has been implemented across many hospitals nationally. This model was adopted by the South Australian (SA) public hospital pharmacy statewide service and was granted full accreditation. The study aimed to explore key stakeholders’ expectations and early perceptions of the structure, role and impact of the SA program and in that process, to identify key influencing factors and strategies informing future program planning and design. Methods Purposeful sampling was adopted to recruit participants who oversee preceptors and residents, across all employment levels and pharmacy service sites. Stakeholders participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Each interview was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed dataset was managed using NVivo softwareTM (version 10) and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis through the lens of the PRECEDE-PROCEED logic model framework. Results Thirty-three staff consented to participate. Participants were de-identified with a randomly assigned code number. Three key themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis; alignment of program goals and visions, culture shift to prioritising workforce development as core business, program structure supports focused workforce development. Conclusions Participants view the residency as beneficial for development of the residents, preceptors, and the hospital pharmacy workforce. The multisite structure was a strength of the program. Whilst it was acknowledged that the rotations, cross-site rotations, and research project presented challenges, they were deemed worth the investment. Overall, it was felt that incremental increases in program capacity will occur over time, as culture changes, and as investing in workforce development becomes core business. The findings have led to several key recommendations to guide program expansion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Trying to develop a better workforce”: Stakeholders’ perspectives of a practice-integrated Australian hospital pharmacist foundation residency program

et al. 2022

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Opportunities and achievements — experiences of pharmacists as Foundation Residency Program residents — a qualitative study

Wang,

Clavarino,

Luetsch

2024

Pharmacy Practice and Res

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BackgroundThe Australian Foundation Residency Program prepares new‐to‐hospital and early career pharmacists for extended roles and advanced pharmacy practice. An understanding of the outcomes residents perceive they achieve through completion of a residency and what supports them in their achievements is limited.AimTo explore pharmacists' experiences during their residency and what they perceive as its outcomes and their achievements.MethodFocus groups and interviews were conducted and recorded with 12 early career or new‐to‐hospital pharmacists who recently completed a residency program in an Australian hospital. Recordings were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 2021/HE001225) and the study conforms to the Australian Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants via the distribution of project information sheets and completion of written consent forms.ResultsFive distinct themes were generated from participants' discussions of their experiences and achievements throughout their residency. The outcomes and achievements they described included gaining the confidence to take on new and challenging roles as well as advancing their career by developing a deeper understanding of their role and potential in the healthcare system. Skill development was accelerated by the structure and assessment requirements of the residency program and by support from mentors, which positively influenced their attitudes towards feedback and competency assessments. Participants reflected on the differences between postgraduate university‐based learning and workplace‐based learning and saw benefits in both.ConclusionThe residency was reported to offer a structured and supportive training pathway for pharmacists in the early stages of their hospital pharmacy career. Completion of residency facilitates pharmacists' skill development and a deeper understanding of their roles. Dedicated and qualified mentorship and routine networking events between peers and past residents enhance these experiences and outcomes for residents.

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Learning on the run – a qualitative, longitudinal study of pharmacy educators’ experiences implementing a hospital pharmacy residency program

et al. 2022

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Background A hospital pharmacy foundation residency training program has been introduced in Australia, modelled on residency programs established in other countries. The program aims to support the professional development of early-career hospital pharmacists, in both clinical and non-clinical roles. Pharmacy educators are usually tasked with the implementation and maintenance of this program. This qualitative, longitudinal study aimed to investigate hospital pharmacy educators’ expectations, perceptions and experiences with implementing and developing their residency program. Methods Qualitative data were collected at two timepoints, approximately 24 months apart, using either focus groups or interviews with pharmacy educators who were directly involved in the implementation of the residency program at their respective hospitals. During the early phases of implementation, and approximately 24 months later, participants were asked about their experiences and expectations of the residency program as well as any changes that had occurred within the residency program over time. Results Four focus groups and three semi-structured interviews were held with pharmacy educators and senior pharmacists from different hospital settings. These were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were inductively analysed via thematic analysis. Fifteen hospital pharmacy educators and senior hospital pharmacists participated in the initial focus groups and interviews, and seven educators were retained for follow-up. Four main themes were established from the discussions: participants had great expectations of a positive impact of the residency on their workplace and residents’ professional development; substantial effort, support and resources were needed to implement and maintain a residency program; self-motivation and engagement is needed by residents to succeed and experience timely completion and career acceleration; and lastly a balance between standardisation, consistency and flexibility in delivering the residency needs to be found. The role of educators changed with the implementation of a residency, with the addition of more managerial and supervisory aspects. Conclusion The Australian hospital pharmacy foundation residency program is a complex workplace training program with multiple factors and prerequisites influencing its implementation, development and outcomes. Pharmacy educators are central to the successful implementation and ongoing sustainability of a residency program. They may benefit from formal training and qualifications to support their role.

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The implementation of a pharmacy residency program – A qualitative study on the diffusion of an innovation

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

“Trying to develop a better workforce”: Stakeholders’ perspectives of a practice-integrated Australian hospital pharmacist foundation residency program

“Trying to develop a better workforce”: Stakeholders’ perspectives of a practice-integrated Australian hospital pharmacist foundation residency program

Opportunities and achievements — experiences of pharmacists as Foundation Residency Program residents — a qualitative study

Learning on the run – a qualitative, longitudinal study of pharmacy educators’ experiences implementing a hospital pharmacy residency program

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