The imperative for stronger vaccine supply and logistics systems

Zaffran, Michel; Vandelaer, Jos; Kristensen, Debra; Melgaard, B; Yadav, Prashant; Antwi-Agyei, Kwadwo Odei; Lasher, H

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.036

Cited by 156 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Shortages appear to have become more of a challenge since the introduction of the newer vaccines Pentaxim, PCV and RV, in keeping with findings of Zaffran et al [7] Zaffran et al point out that the new vaccines are expensive, and packed in bulky pre-packed single dose presentations. This study also found that the newer vaccines were likely to have a longer duration of stock-out than other vaccines, 1 -2 weeks or more in duration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…This may be in keeping with the observation that these vaccines take up too much cold chain space, overwhelm the supply chains and lead to stock-outs. [7,8] By contrast, the measles vaccine was out of stock in only five clinics, and the hepatitis B vaccine was out of stock in 16 clinics, despite the national shortages of hepatitis B and measles vaccines that were announced by the national suppliers about 3 or 4 months before the study was conducted (personal communication with National Department of Health).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The status of vaccine availability and associated factors in Tshwane government clinics

Ngcobo¹,

Kamupira²

2017

S Afr Med J

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Background. Vaccines have greatly contributed to the control of vaccine-preventable diseases and to human development. Efforts by many countries to introduce new vaccines are a significant move towards achieving the sustainable development goal for health. However, effective vaccine supply chains that ensure an uninterrupted supply of vaccines are pivotal to attaining universal access to life-saving vaccines and sustainable development. The introduction of new vaccines puts a strain on supply chains; South Africa (SA) is no exception, as there are indications of vaccine stock-outs in clinics. Objective. To establish the status of vaccine availability and associated factors in government health facilities of Tshwane Health District in Gauteng Province, SA. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of randomly selected government clinics in the Tshwane health district of Gauteng Province. Data were collected using a structured measurement instrument in participating clinics. Data were analysed using Excelbased software (Microsoft, USA). Results. A total of 31 clinics participated. In the preceding 12 months, clinics had experienced vaccine stock-outs, especially of the three newer vaccines: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, rotavirus and Pentaxim. These were also out of stock for a long duration; for over 2 weeks in a majority of clinics. The causes of vaccine stock-outs were: poor management of stock, district depot out of stock, unreliable deliveries, lack of pharmacy assistants and limited fridge capacity. Further burdening the situation is the ineffective emergency-ordering system. Conclusion. Significant shortages of vaccines, which are essential drugs, occur in Tshwane government clinics. Vaccine supply chain issues and vaccine shortages should be treated as a priority at all levels of the healthcare system; therefore, a similar study should be conducted at national level. It is recommended that the vaccine supply chain should be restructured and overhauled with the use of advances in technology and could be linked with current initiatives such as MomConnect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of vaccine availability and associated factors in Tshwane government clinics

Ngcobo¹,

Kamupira²

2017

S Afr Med J

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“…[1][2][3] The challenge is all the more acute during mass vaccination campaigns, when a wide-reaching cold chain and logistics (CCL) system is necessary if the target population is to receive a vaccine that has not lost potency because of exposure to excessively high or low temperatures. Unfortunately -irrespective of the actual thermostability of the vaccine -almost all vaccines used today are licensed by their manufacturers for storage at 2-8 °C at all points of the supply chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during mass vaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in Chad

Lydon

Zipursky²,

Tévi-Bénissan

et al. 2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…This gap is due largely to systems weaknesses in immunization programs that can be improved. With the addition of new vaccines, the complexity and costs of routine immunization increase 17 .More vaccinations to protect against more diseases require additional and better communication between health workers and caregivers as well as greater cold chain capacity 18 . New vaccines and doses that expand immunization beyond infancy extend the benefits of vaccines across the life spectrum into adolescence and adulthood 19 .Moreover, health systems, in general, are becoming more complex as new programs and services were added.…”

Section: Current Immunization Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Child Health Services in Nigeria: A Review

Ogbonna

Ajagu

Ezenekwe

et al. 2017

AJPRHC

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Childcare has been identified as an integral aspect of integrated maternal and child health services and is aimed at child health promotion for childhood psychosocial and physical development. This study assessed the dynamics of child health services in Nigeria. This was in relation to Nigeria's poor child health indices with the view to encouraging standard practices neglected over the years. It targets preventive health services to stem diseases and disability among children while promoting early diagnosis of diseases and prompt treatment. These services encompass the provision of childhood immunization, probing for and identification of handicapped children for early rehabilitation, child health education, and nutrition, promotion of environmental sanitation, and monitoring of developmental milestone through proper feeding. Other child health services include sickle cell prevention services, education of caregivers on the importance and use of oral rehydration therapy, and use of antimalarial treatment, and rehabilitation of already affected children. This is invaluable, especially in regions with developing countries where more than 50% of children die before their fifth birthday.

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The imperative for stronger vaccine supply and logistics systems

Cited by 156 publications

References 16 publications

The status of vaccine availability and associated factors in Tshwane government clinics

The status of vaccine availability and associated factors in Tshwane government clinics

Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during mass vaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in Chad

Dynamics of Child Health Services in Nigeria: A Review

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