The Impending Epidemic of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Cancer in Japan

Abstract

of the solutions. Similarly, when oncologists assess the risk and benefit of cancer therapies, cardiologists can assist them in evaluating the risk of CVD and identifying the best therapeutic approach. Therefore, the 2 fields-cardiology and oncology-should complement each other and not act as competitors. 6 The Japanese Onco-cardiology Society was established in 2017 for better collaboration in the treatment of patients with cancer. A multidisciplinary, team-based approach is required to support the cancer treatment, prevent CVD as a complication, and balance the treatments for cancer and CVD. Clinical onco-cardiology is already being practiced harmoniously. However, academic systematization and accumulation of evidence have only just started. Therefore, in this review, we present the epidemiology, common risk factors between cancer and CVD, future epidemic of CVD in patients with cancer, and the necessity for an onco-cardiological approach to managing the burden of CVD in cancer patients and survivors.

Molecular Imaging in Oncocardiology

“…Cancer and CVD are closely related in terms of both scientifi c and clinical perspectives. Oncocardiology has recently gained attention by oncologists, cardiologists, and radiologists for mutual work on pathophysiology analysis and treatment strategy [1][2][3]. In various clinical settings, these specialists may collaborate in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients with cardiovascular disease.…”

New progress in elucidating the relationship between cancer therapy and cardiovascular toxicity

“…As a result of continued advances in cancer treatments, the survival rate has increased significantly. About 75% of cancer survivors suffer from one or more chronic diseases, and the leading cause of death for these survivors is CVDs (7)(8)(9). The largest cohort analysis of cancer and CVDs in China reported that 18% of patients with cancer have at least one cardiovascular risk factor and that 5% of patients with cancer have CVDs (4).…”

Relation Between Cancer and Vasospastic Angina

“…Patients with cancer have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease including ischemic heart disease and vice versa [8][9][10][11]. A large-scale national registry including [ 6.5 million participants showed that in patients with acute myocardial infarction, 2.8% had active cancer and 6.2% had a history of cancer [25].…”

“…Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide especially in developed countries [5], and patients with cancer have an increased risk for cardiovascular events and mortality from shared lifestyles, risk factors, and underlying mechanisms such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Toxicities of cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, also contribute to endothelial injury and vasospasm, as described in the European Society of Cardiology position paper [12].…”