The impacts of urban pricing on social and spatial inequalities: The case study of Lyon (France)

Abstract

International audienceWith the aim of making a city sustainable, this paper evaluates the impact of setting up urban toll on inequalities. We use several indicators (Gini, Theil and Atkinson indices) to measure changes in the concentration of incomes and gravity-based accessibility. In the case of the Lyon Metropolitan Area (France), we simulate a cordon pricing and evaluate its impacts on inequalities. We adopt a comparison-based approach to reduce the bias resulting from the spatial division. In agreement with the literature, we show that different inequality indicators produce contrasted and sometimes contradictory results, both at the scale of zones or metropolitan level. Results from Theil and Atkinson indicators point out introducing a toll can reduce inequalities in the most peripheral zones. Although we observe an accessibility improvement, particularly for central zones, the first ring (adjacent to the toll zone) is the most adversely affected by toll

The Killing Fields of Social Inequality: Experience of Understanding Modern Urban Development

“…Urban space accessibility for people with disabilities -an important manifestation of social justice, one of the dimensions of which is spatial justice (Lefebvre, 1991;Soja, 1989;Harvey, 2000). In the Russian context, one of the city planning priorities is becoming, for example, compliance with the interests of citizens with limited mobility, but in practice is accompanied with the distortion of the principles of inclusive design which strengthens social exclusion in society, the absence of the right to the city of people with disabilities reduces their quality of life and hinders satisfaction of basic needs.…”

“…Whereas distrust to social and critical focus is still brewing in domestic urban studies, which supposedly enables only Marxist interpretation of the social history of space, domestic urbanists have a greater confidence in the idea of "urban managerialism» (Souche et al, 2016). In any case, the trends of modern urban development -de-industrialization, gentrification, Smart City problems, ethnic As noted by Saunders (Saunders, 2001), Modern discussions in post-non-classical urbanism are characterised with rejection of excessive expansion of the sociological approach in favour of interdisciplinary one , attempts to present the urban organisation as a result of a complex interplay of natural, physical, political, social and cultural factors.…”

“…The philosophical issue of Lefebvre (Lefebvre, 1991) called "Production of space", of course, has found the absolute development in humanitarian geographers who "come out of the space» (Soja, 1989) in their studies of the city and its modern problems. Soja (Soja, 1989, p.6-7), in fact, taught urban sociologists "in another way to understand the meaning and significance of space and those related concepts that form and constitute spatiality inherent in human life: the place, the location, terrain, landscape, environment, house, city, region, territory and geography».…”

“…Soja (Soja, 1989, p.6-7), in fact, taught urban sociologists "in another way to understand the meaning and significance of space and those related concepts that form and constitute spatiality inherent in human life: the place, the location, terrain, landscape, environment, house, city, region, territory and geography». He sees Los Angeles as Postmetropolis city (Los Angeles is a place where it all comes together, an ordered world in which micro and the macro, the concrete and the abstract, ideographic and nomothetic can be interactive combination (Soja, 1989). "He defined 6 kinds of restructuring which together define the region's contemporary urban process: 6.…”

“…While western urban studies (Amin, & Thrift, 2002) have fierce debates about the neoliberal model of the city, social inequalities (Souche et al, 2016) and even measurement of this social inequality in the urban space, meanwhile the domestic (Trubina, 2008) -draws more attention to the non-classical theory of the city, to the multisensory experiences of the city (Berdnikova, & Zaporozhets, 2014), to nonlinear city's past.…”