The impacts of shrimp farming on land use, employment and migration in Tumbes, northern Peru

The development of aquaculture on the northern coast of Manila Bay (Philippines): an analysis of long-term land-use changes and their causes

“…As such, bust is often portrayed as a symptom of immaturity of the industry. The validity of this model has been confirmed in several Asian countries since the late 1980s (Primavera, 1997) and has likewise been observed in South America (Ecuador and Peru; Mialhe et al, 2013). Given its historical depth of~150 years, this study reveals a somewhat different pattern of landuse change to boom and bust, thus providing scope for an alternative conceptual model of aquaculture development.…”

“…During the shrimp fever episode, the production bust was ascribable, as in many other aquaculture settings (e.g., Mialhe et al, 2013), to disease outbreaks. However, it was not followed by consequences commonly experienced by aquaculturists on other continents, such as bankruptcy and plot abandonment.…”

“…A significant part of this growth was made possible by increasing land surfaces devoted to aquaculture -mainly in the form of fishponds (a generic term used here to designate the reservoirs in which the farmed aquatic organisms are bred) -and by encroaching upon a variety of natural habitats and other land-use categories. Satellite-based studies of land-use change in relation to aquaculture development have mostly been conducted at a local level and over relatively short historical periods, e.g., in Vietnam (Béland, Goïta, Bonn, & Pham, 2006) and Peru (Mialhe, Gunnell, & Mering, 2013). Such studies often vividly illustrate histories of environmental devastation in situations where aquaculture was established during the last 30 years as a result of rapid and spectacular natural habitat conversion.…”

“…Commercial aquaculture has been stimulated by far-field processes such as technological innovations, funds from international agencies, incentives through marketing strategies aimed at raising demand in wealthier countries, and by the low perceived economic productivity of the wetland areas (e.g., mangrove swamps, etc.) that undergo conversion to aquaculture (Belton & Little, 2008;De Silva & Davy, 2010;Dewalt, Vergne, & Hardin, 1996;Mialhe et al, 2013). Other types of drivers have been shown to be important, especially after several cycles of production: e.g., pathogens, new legal frameworks (see Hein, 2002, for India), or the emergence of private transnational governance and regulation schemes (Ha & Bush, 2010).…”

Securing Aquaculture‐Related Resources through Social Interaction in the Pampanga River Delta, Philippines: An Ethnogeographic Perspective on the Strengths and Pitfalls of Social Capital

“…Kusumawati, Bush, and Visser (2013) have shown the relative influence on production levels of artisanal trade networks controlled by local patrons compared to the formal institutional regulatory networks. Mialhe, Gunnell, and Mering (2013) showed in Peru that the prior presence of a family relative working on a shrimp farm was a decisive incentive among Andean villagers to emigrate to the coast and work in the aquaculture industry. In areas of Nicaragua where private aquaculture has been replacing traditional lagoon shrimp fishing, Benessaiah and Sengupta (2014) found that social ties between small farmers and other community members were effective at mitigating the impacts of privatization through innovative, hybrid uses of space.…”