The impacts of ground-based logging equipment on forest soil

Solgi, Ahmad; Najafi, Arezu

doi:10.17221/76/2013-jfs

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The extent of soil disturbance was reported 30% by Solgi & Najafi (2014). The results indicated that the soil bulk density in the ruts during winching of logs and in the skid trails are significantly higher than the soil bulk density in the controlled areas.…”

Section: Soil Disturbancementioning

confidence: 95%

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Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran

et al. 2017

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Aim of study: The main aims of this study were to determine of damage level to residual stand and soil disturbance from mechanized selection logging.Area of study: Mixed beech stands in Caspian forests, northern Iran. Material and methods: Point-transect and systematic plot sampling were used for assessing damages to soil and trees, respectively.Main results: 89% of forest soil area was undisturbed or shallow disturbed, and 5.2% was deep disturbed. Soil bulk density of top 10 cm in the winching corridors, ruts and skid trails were increased 10.7%, 20.6% and 32.1% respectively than controlled area. Frequency of damages to regeneration and trees were 12% and 11.2%. The frequency of damages to regeneration was increased with increasing of their heights, but frequency of damages to trees was decreased with increasing of their diameter. The most type of damages was bole wounds in sizes of 100 to 200 cm 2 within 1 m from the ground level, and deep wounds. The frequency of damages was different in tree species (p = 0.001). The mean size of bole wounds was 174 cm 2 , and the mean height of bole wounds was 70 cm from ground level. The intensity of wounds on trees bole were decreased with increasing of their heights from ground level (p = 0.02), while their sizes were increased (p = 0.001).Research highlights: Winching of logs was the main cause of damages to soil and residual stand. The detailed planning strategy will reduce damage to level which is acceptable and predictable.

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Section: Soil Disturbancementioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition, 504 points were recorded for assessing visual soil disturbance (B.C. Ministry of Forests, 2001;Solgi & Najafi, 2014). Length, width and deep of ruts (larger than 200, 30 and 5 cm, respectively) that intersected by transects were measured.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran

et al. 2017

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“…It is important to follow the growth and development of planted and self‐seeded seedlings as well as the ground and field vegetation at these sites to assess the overall long‐term impacts of off‐road traffic. Skid trails or wheel tracks normally cover about 12 to 30% of the clearcuts (Brais, 2001; Eliasson, 2005; Mohtashami et al, 2017; Solgi and Najafi, 2014), and reduced soil aeration in some parts may be of less importance for the future stand, especially if they are subjected to soil scarification. However, more investigations are needed on these matters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Compaction Effects on Root‐Zone Hydrology and Vegetation in Boreal Forest Clearcuts

Hansson

Šimůnek

Ring

et al. 2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Core Ideas Impact of forwarding on soil water and vegetation was investigated after 4 to 5 years. Soil water content was highest in wheel tracks and lowest between tracks. Bare soil was more frequent in tracks and between tracks than in undisturbed soil. In wheel tracks, soil aeration may be restricted in periods with high precipitation. Simulated root‐zone pressure heads showed little variation between microsites. Soil compaction is a common consequence of forestry traffic traversing unprotected, moist soils; it decreases porosity and affects hydraulic conductivity even in coarse‐textured soils. The aim here was to study root‐zone hydrology and vegetation in three microsites (in, between, and beside wheel tracks) 4 to 5 yr after forwarder traffic, on stony and sandy till soils in two clearcuts in northern Sweden. Measurements of soil volumetric water content (VWC), vegetation indicators and one‐dimensional hydrological modeling (Hydrus‐1D) of wheel tracks and undisturbed soil were conducted. Soil VWC was monitored hourly during 2017 and 2018 in three or four plots along a slope on each site. Soil VWC was also measured once with a portable sensor in 117 plots along two slopes at each site, where the vegetation was recorded and analyzed using Ellenberg indicator indexes. Soil VWC was highest in wheel tracks and lowest between tracks; this was corroborated by the species composition in the wheel tracks (Ellenberg indicator for soil moisture). Bare soil was more frequent in wheel tracks and between tracks than in undisturbed soil. The model simulations indicated that the changed soil hydraulic properties influenced the VWC results in the wheel tracks. However, the differences in average pressure heads in the root zone were small between the microsites and only apparent during dry periods. In the wheel tracks, air‐filled porosity was <0.10 m3 m−3, indicating insufficient soil aeration during 82% (Site T) and 23% (Site R) of the 2017 growing season. Insufficient aeration could be one explanation for the presence of some still unvegetated areas.

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“…Lalu lintas alat sarad juga dapat menyebabkan pemadatan tanah pada 52% area plot (Missanjo & Thole, 2014). Pemadatan tanah terjadi pada jalur (track) alat sarad, dimana kepadatan tanah, porositas tanah dan kadar air sangat dipengaruhi oleh frekuensi lalu lintas alat sarad dan kemiringan jalan sarad (Solgi & Najafi, 2014). Permukaan tanah 0-10 cm pada area penyaradan terjadi pemadatan tanah.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

RIL Skidding Techniques to Improve Productivity and Minimize Production Cost and Environmental Damage (A Case Study at PT Inhutani II Malinau)

Suhartana¹,

Yuniawati²

2019

JPKW

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Teknik penyaradan konvensional yang diterapkan di hutan alam seringkali menghasilkan produktivitas rendah, biaya penyaradan tinggi, kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan kerusakan tanah. Teknik penyaradan RIL dengan performa yang lebih baik dan lebih ramah lingkungan harus diperkenalkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik penyaradan RIL terhadap, produktivitas penyaradan, biaya produksi penyaradan dan kerusakan lingkungan berupa tegakan tinggal dan tanah di hutan alam. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November-Desember 2015 di areal hutan produksi alam PT. Inhutani II, Kalimantan Utara. Data lapangan berupa produktivitas, biaya penyaradan, kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan tanah diolah ke dalam bentuk tabulasi untuk dihitung rataratanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan penyaradan teknik RIL diperoleh: 1). Rata-rata produktivitas penyaradan adalah 15,070 m 3 /jam; 2). Rata-rata biaya produksi penyaradan adalah Rp 48.883,45/m 3 ; 3). Terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara volume kayu disarad dan waktu sarad terhadap rata-rata produktivitas, dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 96,4%; 4). Rata-rata kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat penyaradan adalah 17,10% meliputi kerusakan tajuk (12,5%), kerusakan cabang (patah/pecah) (37,5%), kerusakan batang (luka) (12,5%) dan pohon yang roboh/miring (37,5%); 5). Rata-rata kedalaman tanah dan volume tanah akibat penggeseran lapisan tanah atas, masing-masing sebesar 0,047m dan 3,726 m 3 /m; dan 6) Penggunaan jalur matting dapat mengurangi terjadinya kerusakan tanah pada saat penyaradan. Kata Kunci:RIL, produktivitas penyaradan, biaya produksi, kerusakan tegakan tinggal, kerusakan tanah ABSTRACT Conventional skidding techniques applied in natural forests often bring low productivity, high skidding cost, residual stands damage, and soil damage. RIL's (Reduced Impact Logging) skidding techniques with better performance and more environmentally friendly should be introduced. This study aims to determine the effect of RIL's skidding techniques on skidding productivity, skidding production-cost, and environmental damages that comprised residual stands and soil inside natural forests. This research was conducted in November-December 2015 at the site of natural production forest administered by PT. Inhutani II (Indonesia's State Forest Company), in North Kalimantan. The acquired field data, which consisted of productivity, skidding cost, and damages of residual stands and of soil, were each processed into tabulation forms and then calculated for their averages. The results showed that applying RIL techniques could obtain: 1) The average skidding productivity reached 15.070 m 3 /hour; 2) The average skidding-production cost was IDR 48,883.45/m 3 ; 3) The skidded-timber volume and skidding duration correlated with the average of skidding productivity, with coefficient of determination of 96.4%; 4) The average damage on residual stand due to skidding was 17.10% including canopy damage (12.5%), broken stems (37.5%), stem injury (12.5%), and leaning trees (37.5%...

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The impacts of ground-based logging equipment on forest soil

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran

Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran

Soil Compaction Effects on Root‐Zone Hydrology and Vegetation in Boreal Forest Clearcuts

RIL Skidding Techniques to Improve Productivity and Minimize Production Cost and Environmental Damage (A Case Study at PT Inhutani II Malinau)

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