The Impacts of Collective Action and Property Rights on Plant Genetic Resources

Eyzaguirre, P. B.; Dennis, Evan M.

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.05.017

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…PAGR have an impure public good characteristic, with a private production component that is directly linked to farmers' decisions and a public genetic information component that is not (see Heisey et al, 1997;Smale et al, 2004;Eyzaguirre and Dennis, 2007). Since markets overlook the public value provided by agrobiodiversity conservation associated with the provision of insurance, adaptation, resilience and sustainagility at different temporal and spatial scales, thus underestimating the true social worth of PAGR, a suboptimal level of agrobiodiversity is conserved from a social point of view (Pascual and Perrings, 2007;Gruère et al, 2009).…”

Section: Agrobiodiversity Loss: An Economic Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In agro-ecosystems, where farmers normally have well-established (formalized or customary) rights to use land (Eyzaguirre and Dennis, 2007;Howard and Nabanoga, 2007), agrobiodiversity conservation depends on encouraging people to apply certain practices on their farms. This is known as on-farm or in-situ conservation, which may be facilitated by institutional support or economic incentives, and leads to both conservation and enhanced farm-level adaptability to climate change, as discussed above.…”

Section: A Policy Toolbox For Agrobiodiversity Conservation Under CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

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La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático

Pascual

Narloch

Nordhagen

et al. 2011

EARN

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Acknowledgements: We would like to thank an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments and suggestions. Contact author: up211@cam.ac.uk; unai.pascual@bc3research.org.Recibido en junio de 2011. Aceptado en septiembre de 2011. ABSTRACT:Subsistence-based and natural resource-dependent societies are especially vulnerable to climate change. In such contexts, food security needs to be strengthened by investing in the adaptability of food systems. This paper looks into the role of agrobiodiversity conservation for food security in the face of climate change. It identifies agrobiodiversity as a key public good that delivers necessary services for human wellbeing. We argue that the public values provided by agrobiodiversity conservation need to be demonstrated and captured. We offer an economic perspective of this challenge and highlight ways of capturing at least a subset of the public values of agrobiodiversity to help adapt to and reduce the vulnerability of subsistence based economies to climate change. KEYWORDS:Climate change, adaptation, agrobiodiversity, economic incentives, resilience. JEL classification: Q18, Q24, Q54.La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático RESUMEN: Las sociedades dependientes de recursos naturales de subsistencia son especialmente vulnerables al cambio climático. En este contexto, la seguridad alimentaria debe de fortalecerse mediante la inversión en la adaptabilidad de los sistemas alimentarios. Este artículo se enfoca en el papel de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático y trata la agrobiodiversidad como un bien público que genera servicios básicos para el bienestar humano. Una vez que los valores públicos de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad son puestos en relieve, éstos deben de ser puestos en valor. Aquí ofrecemos una perspectiva económica de este reto y subrayamos formas para la captura de varios valores públicos de la agrobiodiversidad para la adaptación al cambio climático.

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Section: Agrobiodiversity Loss: An Economic Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Policy Toolbox For Agrobiodiversity Conservation Under CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático

Pascual

Narloch

Nordhagen

et al. 2011

EARN

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“…En el caso de la lúcuma, el plan de desarrollo deberá considerar a los productores, acopiadores, minoristas, mayoristas y la industria alimentaria como actores directos y las instituciones locales, junto a las limitaciones enunciadas por Díaz (2006) e incursionar en la competitividad orientada al comercio justo y aspectos ambientales (Eyzaguirre & Dennis, 2007;Ayuya et al, 2015) en mérito a sus propiedades nutracéuticas y cosméticas (National Research Council, 1989;Gonzales, 2007;Glorio et al, 2008;Rojo et al, 2010;Dini, 2011).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

“…Sin embargo, diversas experiencias han demostrado que el HF puede generar bienestar económico y seguridad alimentaria sin poner en riesgo la integridad del agroecosistema (Michon & Mary, 1994;Trinh et al, 2003;Gautam et al, 2009;Shisanya & Hendriks, 2011) al poseer una serie de atributos de sostenibilidad conducentes a la satisfacción de las necesidades económicas, sociales, ecológicas e institucionales de los agricultores, sin desmedro a la base de recursos (Perrault-Archambault & Coomes, 2008), entonces el uso de la diversidad como herramienta para mejorar la productividad y la sostenibilidad de la unidad productiva puede garantizar la conservación de la diversidad en el HF (Eyzaguirre & Dennis, 2007). En este contexto, los huertos familiares pueden mejorar los ingresos y la seguridad alimentaria de las familias rurales (Trinh et al, 2003;Gautam et al, 2009;Shisanya & Hendriks, 2011).…”

Section: Huertos Familiares En La Diversificación Del Ingreso Y En Launclassified

IMPORTANCIA DE LOS HUERTOS FAMILIARES EN LA ESTRATEGIA DE DIVERSIFICACIÓN DEL INGRESO Y EN LA CONSERVACIÓN in situ DE Pouteria lucuma [R et. Pav] O. Kze.

et al. 2016

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ResumenSe analizó la importancia de los huertos familiares en la conservación in situ de lúcuma, cultivo complementario a la economía de las familias de la comisión de riego El Moro (Trujillo, La Libertad) y de la zona baja de la cuenca del río Yaután (Casma, Ancash) en el norte del Perú. La información generada mediante encuestas a 158 productores, fue analizada con técnicas estadísticas de contraste de vectores de medias y prueba de Z entre ambas zonas. La percepción del agricultor del aporte del huerto familiar al sostenimiento de la familia fue superior en Yaután (11-50%) respecto al agricultor de El Moro. Asimismo, los huertos familiares de Yaután albergaron un mayor número de árboles de lúcuma y el aporte del cultivo de lúcuma al ingreso familiar fue de 10% en ambas lugares. La comercialización de lúcuma resultó centralizada con algún valor agregado en Yaután, pero mixta en El Moro para atender una oferta estacional y concentrada entre enero hasta abril. La perspectiva de reemplazo de lúcuma por cultivos más rentables fue similar en ambas zonas. El huerto familiar ha sido importante en la estrategia de diversificación del ingreso familiar con mayor sostenibilidad en Yaután y ha contribuido a la conservación in situ de lúcuma, fruta nativa, que a pesar de su reducido aporte al ingreso familiar es mantenida en el huerto familiar. Palabras clave: Comercialización, conservación in situ, economía familiar rural, huerto familiar, P. lucuma, sostenibilidad. AbstractThe importance of home gardens for in situ conservation of lucuma, a crop that complements the economy of households from the irrigation commission El Moro (Trujillo, La Libertad) and also in the lower basin of Yaután river (Casma, Ancash) at the north of Peru was analysed. We obtained data from surveys to 158 producers. The information was analysed through contrast of mean vectors and Z tests between both places. Farmer's perceptions of home gardens contributions to family incomes from Yaután (11-50%) were higher than input from El Moro (10%). Besides, home gardens held a greater lucuma tree numbers and lucuma contribution to family income was 10% in both places. Market is centralized and traditional with some added value in Yaután, but in El Moro, it is of mixed type to address supply the seasonal availability, from January to April. The prospect of replacement of lucuma for more profitable crops was similar in both areas. Home gardens have been important in the strategy of diversification of household income with greater sustainability for Yaután and have contributed to in situ conservation of lucuma, a native fruit, which despite its small contribution to the family income; is maintained in home gardens.

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“…The majority of participatory crop improvement programmes have relied on farmers' seed production to exchange and disseminate varieties (Almekinders and Elings 2001;Aw-Hassan et al 2008). These programmes have concentrated on local social institutions (Eyzaguirre and Dennis 2007) and gaining an understanding the ways in which farmers produce, select, save and acquire healthy seeds (Hodgkin et al 2007;Sperling et al 2008;Weltzien and vom Brocke 2000;Cleveland and Soleri 2007). Mainstreaming of the PPB projects has been constrained by limited linkages among local or community based organizations and the national seed distribution system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory crop improvement and formal release of Jethobudho rice landrace in Nepal

Gyawali¹,

Sthapit²,

Bhandari³

et al. 2010

Euphytica

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Jethobudho is an aromatic rice landrace of the Pokhara valley in middle hills of Nepal. Although local consumers are willing to pay a high price for its purchase, the landrace has a problem with quality variation. Decentralized participatory population improvement for specific market-identified traits was conducted on ''Jethobudho'' populations collected from farmers' fields in seven geographic regions of the valley in Nepal. The preferred post harvest quality traits, field tolerance to blast and lodging, and superior post harvest quality traits of Jethobudho were established by a consumer market survey. These traits were used for screening the materials. 338 sub-populations of Jethobudho were evaluated for yield, disease, lodging resistance, and post harvest quality traits. Significant variation was found for culm strength, neck blast tolerance, awn characteristics, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test grain weight and post harvest quality traits, whereas no significant variation was found in grain yield, plant height, tiller number, maturity period and leaf blast. Based on these identified traits and micro-milling evaluations, 183 populations were screened in on-farm and on-station nurseries, and in succeeding years populations were further screened by plant breeders and expert farmers in research trials, resulting in the selection of 46 populations for post harvest quality traits. Six accessions with similar agronomic traits, field tolerance to blast and lodging, and superior post harvest quality traits, were bulked and evaluated on-farm using participatory variety selection (PVS). The enhanced Jethobudho accessions were also evaluated for aroma using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and found to have unique aromatic genetic constitution. Community based seed production groups were formed, linked to the Nepal District Self Seed Sufficiency Programme (DISSPRO), and trained to produce basic seeds (truthfully labeled) of Jethobudho. The National Seed Board of Nepal released the enhanced landrace in the name of ''Pokhareli Jethobudho'' in 2006, as the first bulk variety of traditional high quality aromatic rice improved through participatory plant breeding to be formally released in Nepal for general cultivation under the national seed certification scheme. Landrace improvement is shown as an important option for supporting programmes for in situ conservation of landraces on-farm.

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The Impacts of Collective Action and Property Rights on Plant Genetic Resources

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático

La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático

IMPORTANCIA DE LOS HUERTOS FAMILIARES EN LA ESTRATEGIA DE DIVERSIFICACIÓN DEL INGRESO Y EN LA CONSERVACIÓN in situ DE Pouteria lucuma [R et. Pav] O. Kze.

Participatory crop improvement and formal release of Jethobudho rice landrace in Nepal

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