The Impacts of Asparagus Extract Fractions on Growth and Fumonisins Biosynthesis in Fusarium Proliferatum

Witaszak, Natalia; Lalak-Kańczugowska, Justyna; Waśkiewicz, Agnieszka; Stępień, Łukasz

doi:10.3390/toxins12020095

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Standard solutions of mycotoxins were prepared in methanol and kept in a freezer at −20 • C. LC/MS-grade organic solvents, water and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of mycotoxins were performed using a LC-PDA/TQD system consisting of an UPLC™ system (Acquity, Waters, Milford, MA, USA) coupled to a photodiode array detector (PDA) and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQD; Waters Micromass, Manchester, UK) according to the methods described in detail earlier [37,49]…”

Section: Quantification Of Fumonisins Beauvericin Enniatins and Moniliformin In Rice And Liquid Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Fusarium lytic Enzymes by Extracts from Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

et al. 2020

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Being pathogenic fungi, Fusarium produce various extracellular cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that degrade the polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. They also produce mycotoxins that contaminate grains, thereby posing a serious threat to animals and human beings. Exposure to mycotoxins occurs through ingestion of contaminated grains, inhalation and through skin absorption, thereby causing mycotoxicoses. The toxins weaken the host plant, allowing the pathogen to invade successfully, with the efficiency varying from strain to strain and depending on the plant infected. Fusariumoxysporum predominantly produces moniliformin and cyclodepsipeptides, whereas F. proliferatum produces fumonisins. The aim of the study was to understand the role of various substrates and pea plant extracts in inducing the production of CWDEs and mycotoxins. Additionally, to monitor the differences in their levels when susceptible and resistant pea plant extracts were supplemented. The cultures of F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum strains were supplemented with various potential inducers of CWDEs. During the initial days after the addition of substrates, the fungus cocultivated with pea extracts and other carbon substrates showed increased activities of β-glucosidase, xylanase, exo-1,4-glucanase and lipase. The highest inhibition of mycelium growth (57%) was found in the cultures of F. proliferatum strain PEA1 upon the addition of cv. Sokolik extract. The lowest fumonisin content was exhibited by the cultures with the pea extracts and oat bran added, and this can be related to the secondary metabolites and antioxidants present in these substrates.

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Section: Quantification Of Fumonisins Beauvericin Enniatins and Moniliformin In Rice And Liquid Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Fusarium lytic Enzymes by Extracts from Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

et al. 2020

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“…Before chromatographic analysis plant extracts were filtered through a 0.22 µm membrane (Chromafil PET 20/15/MS, Macherey-Nagel, Germany) and transferred to chromatography vials. Mycotoxins concentration was analyzed for each variant of plant extracts using a UPLC™ system (Acquity, Waters, Milford, MA, USA) connected with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQD; Waters Micromass, Manchester, UK) according to the methods described in detail earlier [19,20]. The limit of detection was 0.1 and 1.0 ng/µL for fumonisins and beauvericin, respectively.…”

Section: Mycotoxin Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Secondary Metabolites from Pea on Fusarium Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Perincherry

Witaszak

Urbaniak

et al. 2021

JoF

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Fusarium species present ubiquitously in the environment are capable of infecting a wide range of plant species. They produce several mycotoxins targeted to weaken the host plant. While infecting some resistant plants, the host can alter the expression of toxin-related genes and accumulate no/very low amounts of mycotoxins. The ability of the host plant to modulate the biosynthesis of these toxins is entirely depending on the secondary metabolites produced by the plant, often as a part of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). A major role plays in the family of metabolites called phenyl propanoids, consisting of thousands of natural products, synthesized from the phenylalanine or tyrosine amino acids through a cascade of enzymatic reactions. They are also famous for inhibiting or limiting infection through their antioxidant characteristics. The current study was aimed at identifying the differentially expressed secondary metabolites in resistant (Sokolik) and susceptible (Santana) cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and understanding their roles in the growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis of two different Fusarium species. Although metabolites such as coumarin, spermidine, p-coumaric acid, isoorientin, and quercetin reduced the growth of the pathogen, a higher level of p-coumaric acid was found to enhance the growth of F. proliferatum strain PEA1. It was also noticeable that the growth of the pathogen did not depend on their ability to produce mycotoxins, as all the metabolites were able to highly inhibit the biosynthesis of fumonisin B1 and beauvericin.

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“…After centrifugation (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) at 15,000× g for 10 min, the extracts were filtered through a 0.22-µm membrane (Chromafil PET 20/15/MS, Macherey-Nagel, Germany) and transferred to chromatography vials. The mycotoxin concentration was analyzed for each variant of the plant material using an UPLC™ system (Acquity, Waters, Milford, MA, USA) connected with a photodiode array detector (PDA) and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQD; Waters Micromass, Manchester, UK) according to the methods described in detail earlier [56,57]. The samples were collected from biological triplicates, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of the mycotoxins were performed in three analytical replicates.…”

Section: Mycotoxins Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Fusarium Mycotoxins and Lytic Enzymes during Pea Plants’ Infection

Perincherry

Urbaniak

Pawłowicz

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Fusarium species are common plant pathogens that cause several important diseases. They produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, among which mycotoxins and extracellular cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) contribute to weakening and invading the host plant successfully. Two species of Fusarium isolated from peas were monitored for their expression profile of three cell wall-degrading enzyme coding genes upon culturing with extracts from resistant (Sokolik) and susceptible (Santana) pea cultivars. The extracts from Santana induced a sudden increase in the gene expression, whereas Sokolik elicited a reduced expression. The coherent observation was that the biochemical profile of the host plant plays a major role in regulating the fungal gene expression. In order to uncover the fungal characteristics in planta, both pea cultivars were infected with two strains each of F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum on the 30th day of growth. The enzyme activity assays from both roots and rhizosphere indicated that more enzymes were used for degrading the cell wall of the resistant host compared to the susceptible host. The most commonly produced enzymes were cellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, pectinase and lipase, where the pathogen selectively degraded the components of both the primary and secondary cell walls. The levels of beauvericin accumulated in the infected roots of both cultivars were also monitored. There was a difference between the levels of beauvericin accumulated in both the cultivars, where the susceptible cultivar had more beauvericin than the resistant one, showing that the plants susceptible to the pathogen were also susceptible to the toxin accumulation.

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The Impacts of Asparagus Extract Fractions on Growth and Fumonisins Biosynthesis in Fusarium Proliferatum

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

Induction of Fusarium lytic Enzymes by Extracts from Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Induction of Fusarium lytic Enzymes by Extracts from Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Effects of Secondary Metabolites from Pea on Fusarium Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Dynamics of Fusarium Mycotoxins and Lytic Enzymes during Pea Plants’ Infection

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