The impact on the mechanical properties of multi-material polymers fabricated with a single mixing nozzle and multi-nozzle systems via fused deposition modeling

Bača, D.; Ahmad, Rafiq

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-04937-3

Cited by 72 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Multi-material FDM can be easily realized by employing multi-material single mixing nozzle or multi-material multiple nozzles ( Figure 8 a) [ 85 ]. It has been demonstrated that the multi-nozzle achieves a better performance in the build time, while the single nozzle shows greater consistency in fabricating high-quality materials [ 86 ].…”

Section: Systematic Review Of Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

et al. 2021

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Multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers has experienced a remarkable increase in interest over the last 20 years. This technology can rapidly design and directly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) parts with multiple materials without complicating manufacturing processes. This research aims to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current state of research and reveal challenges and opportunities for future research in the area. To achieve the goal, this study conducts a scientometric analysis and a systematic review of the global research published from 2000 to 2021 on multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers. In the scientometric analysis, a total of 2512 journal papers from the Scopus database were analyzed by evaluating the number of publications, literature coupling, keyword co-occurrence, authorship, and countries/regions activities. By doing so, the main research frame, articles, and topics of this research field were quantitatively determined. Subsequently, an in-depth systematic review is proposed to provide insight into recent advances in multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers in the aspect of technologies and applications, respectively. From the scientometric analysis, a heavy bias was found towards studying materials in this field but also a lack of focus on developing technologies. The future trend is proposed by the systematic review and is discussed in the directions of interfacial bonding strength, printing efficiency, and microscale/nanoscale multi-material 3D printing. This study contributes by providing knowledge for practitioners and researchers to understand the state of the art of multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers and expose its research needs, which can serve both academia and industry.

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Section: Systematic Review Of Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

et al. 2021

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“…It is possible to use multiple extrusion nozzles during FDM. In some cases, a second nozzle is used to deposit temporary supporting materials for cantilevers [ 18 ]; in other cases, hybrid scaffolds are created by multi-nozzle fused deposition using multi-component materials [ 19 ]. One prominent feature of FDM is its ability to print frameworks with excellent mechanical properties, such as high porosity with an adjustable air gap size in the same layer or between layers.…”

Section: 3d Printing Processes and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering for Medical Applications: The Classic and the Hybrid

et al. 2020

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, as one of the most popular recent additive manufacturing processes, has shown strong potential for the fabrication of biostructures in the field of tissue engineering, most notably for bones, orthopedic tissues, and associated organs. Desirable biological, structural, and mechanical properties can be achieved for 3D-printed constructs with a proper selection of biomaterials and compatible bioprinting methods, possibly even while combining additive and conventional manufacturing (AM and CM) procedures. However, challenges remain in the need for improved printing resolution (especially at the nanometer level), speed, and biomaterial compatibilities, and a broader range of suitable 3D-printed materials. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the development of 3D bioprinting techniques, particularly new hybrid 3D bioprinting technologies for combining the strengths of both AM and CM, along with a comprehensive set of material selection principles, promising medical applications, and limitations and future prospects.

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“…FDM printers are one of the lease expensive, and some allow the use of multiple extruders in tandem to enable the fabrication of composite material objects. [ 103,104 ] They also have a broad range of low‐cost materials available including both rigid and flexible polymers. [ 102 ] Extrusion‐based approaches follow a similar process to FDM, in that the object layer is built up as the material is extruded, however, pressure is applied via either pneumatic or mechanical means to force out the liquid, resin, or gelatinous material.…”

Section: From Hand‐crafting To Advanced Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, Present, and Future of Soft‐Tissue Prosthetics: Advanced Polymers and Advanced Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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past 30 years, [12,13] it is only the last decade that has seen its rapid development as part of the fourth industrial revolution. [14] This change in practice is evidenced by the significant fraction of recent literature describing advances in 3D printed prostheses, including technological advances [4,15-18] and clinical reports. [19,20] Further innovations involving collaborations between clinicians, academics, and industry, promise even greater capabilities. The future will see 3D printers that can mix materials as desired during fabrication [21] and those that can 3D print organic semiconductors and piezoelectric polymers for sensing and bionics [22-24] (Figure 1). This report is focused on polymers for soft tissue, external, personalized, prosthetics with clinical applications for the ear, [25] nose, [26] eye, [27] face, [28] breast, [29] and hand. [30] The characteristics of both traditional and 3D printable polymeric materials, as well as current advanced manufacturing technologies and those in development, are also reviewed. The earliest evidence of prosthetics dates back to ≈2300 BC, where Egyptian mummies have been discovered with eye, nose, and genital reconstructions fashioned from plaster packed with mud, sand, linen, butter, or soda (Figure 1). [31] Wood, cloth, natural waxes, resins, and metals were later used as the material of choice for rudimentary prostheses. [32] Prostheses remained relatively unchanged for thousands of years until the 16th century, where prosthetic noses and eyes were made from parchment, wax, wood, hard rubber, gold, silver, and copper. [33] Metals continued as a fundamental material throughout the 19th century, largely due to their ability to be shaped and molded as needed. [34,35] One of the first polymers to be used in prosthetics, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), was developed in response to the glass shortages in the World Wars of the 20th Century. [36] This polymer went on to become the most common prosthetic material of the time, and still finds use today in artificial eyes [33] and prosthetic substructures. [37] Further innovations in the 20th century produced many new polymers, such as vinyls, copolymers, plastisols, and one of the most significant materials in prosthetics, silicone. [38] Discovered in the early 1900s by Fredrick Kipping, silicone was first used in prosthetics by George W Barnhart in 1960. [39] This versatile polymer remains a primary prosthetic material today due to its soft tissue-like properties, ease of manipulation, chemical inertness, durability, and excellent biocompatibility. [40,41] The search for alternative materials Millions of people worldwide experience disfigurement due to cancers, congenital defects, or trauma, leading to significant psychological, social, and economic disadvantage. Prosthetics aim to reduce their suffering by restoring aesthetics and function using synthetic materials that mimic the characteristics of native tissue. In the 1900s, natural materials used for thousands of years in prosthetics were replaced by syntheti...

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The impact on the mechanical properties of multi-material polymers fabricated with a single mixing nozzle and multi-nozzle systems via fused deposition modeling

Cited by 72 publications

References 22 publications

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering for Medical Applications: The Classic and the Hybrid

Past, Present, and Future of Soft‐Tissue Prosthetics: Advanced Polymers and Advanced Manufacturing

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