The Impact on the Ecology of Polychlorinated Phenols and Other Organics Dumped at the Bank of a Small Marine Inlet

Folke, Jens; Birklund, Jørgen; Sørensen, Arne Kjaer; Lund, Ulla

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6345-0_28

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…from biological surveyances -identifying secondarily effected areas where life conditions are expected to be deteriorated owing to the discharge, e.g. from extrapolations of laboratory experiments using advectiondispersion modelling 216 J. FOLKE Fradcricia discharge point of effluent FIGURE 5 Evaluation of environmental fate and impact exemplified by a pulp mill effluent, 16 showing the biologically damaged area, the biologically affected area and an area exposed to lignin-related chlorophenolics.…”

Section: Risk Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Chlorophenolic numbers may be determined from extractive acetylation 39 for GC/ECD-analysis, in a similar way as done for mussels. 16 P o/w chromatograms may be obtained by HPLC 41 or TLC; 42 ' 43 and could be evaluated by slice integration followed by a multiplication of the area of each slice, which equals a fraction of material with given P o/w , with the corresponding P 0/w value. The size of the resulting figure would then reflect the overall hydrophobicity of the effluent.…”

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impact assessment for aquatic ecosystems of industrial effluents†

Folke

1985

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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A system of environmental impact assessment of industrial effluents is presented and discussed. Environmental assessment consists of three phases, hazard assessment, risk determination, and societary evaluation. It is regarded an integrated study of natural sciences, i.e. ecochemicology (chemical fate), ecotoxicology (toxical effects), and ecoepidemiology (biological damages); and social sciences, e.g. geography, sociology, and economy. And the outcome should be the basis of political decision making. Hazard assessment may be divided into a subphase of hazard identification from a base set of scientific information on the industrial effluent, and a second subphase of hazard analysis at a more elevated level of scientific information akin to the procedures suggested elsewhere for single chemicals. Methods of hazard assessment are laboratory experiments, e.g. chemical analysis, degradation and bioaccumulation studies, acute and chronic toxicity assessments, physical modelling, etc. Risk determination may then be conducted by extrapolation of the obtained results from laboratory to field, i.e. by risk estimation to the receiving waters, using methods of hydraulic modelling, biological surveillance, etc. Risk-benefit evaluation is conducted in the society evaluation phase by balancing environmental consequences against the society value of the production. The outcome is determined by the interaction between hazard-makers (industry), risk-takers (administrators), guardians (regulators), and assessors (scientists) in risk management, the crank of environmental assessment.

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Section: Risk Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%