The impact of water users’ associations on the productivity of irrigated agriculture in Pakistani Punjab

Mekonnen, Dawit; Channa, Hira; Ringler, Claudia

doi:10.1080/02508060.2015.1094617

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Even after PIM/IMT, many WUAs remain trapped in a vicious circle of "insufficient maintenance-downgrading infrastructure-poor performance-low-cost recovery" [11]. Cases of this vicious circle have been documented in Tunisia and Pakistan [31,33]. WUAs have been reported to approve deficit budgets to match farmers' willingness to pay.…”

Section: Inadequate Wua Cost Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation Governance in Developing Countries: Current Problems and Solutions

Playán

Sagardoy²,

Castillo³

2018

Water

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The evolution of water governance and societal perception in large, public irrigation systems in developing countries has triggered successive waves of reforms since the 1980s. Among them are Participatory Irrigation Management, Irrigation Management Transfer, Public-Private Partnerships or Market Instruments. Reforms have generalized the implementation of Water Users Associations (WUAs) in continuous interaction with a public Irrigation Agency. This paper set out to review recurrent problems and reported solutions in the governance of irrigated areas in developing countries and to relate solutions to problems in a case study context. The combination of literature review and the experience of the authors permitted identification and characterization of eight problems and eight solutions. A semi-quantitative approach was designed to relate solutions to problems in case study WUAs. The approach is based on the definition of a generic problem-solution matrix and a WUA-specific problem vector. The solution vector indicates the adequacy of each solution to a case study WUA. It can be obtained by multiplying the problem vector with the problem-solution matrix. Application of this approach to seven case study WUAs demonstrated its potential. Local fine-tuning of the coefficients defining the problem-solution matrix seems required to draw conclusions effectively guiding decision-making.

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Section: Inadequate Wua Cost Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation Governance in Developing Countries: Current Problems and Solutions

Playán

Sagardoy²,

Castillo³

2018

Water

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“…Interdependence of different sectors at different scales can cause unintended trade-offs or support synergistic activities. Mekonnen et al (2015) find productivity-enhancing effects of water users' associations in Pakistani Punjab for farmers who rely on groundwater and are thus not in the remit of watercourse water users' associations. The article concludes that improving the management of surface water through functioning watercourse-level institutions can be a viable option for reducing over-utilization of groundwater resources and the pressure it creates on the already strained energy situation in Pakistan.…”

Section: Governance Of the Nexusmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sustainability in the water–energy–food nexus

Bhaduri

Ringler

Dombrowski

et al. 2015

Water International

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127

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“…Such institutions include river basin organizations at the basin or watershed level, water user associations at the level of irrigation systems, and community rules or regulations for using shared aquifer resources. Mekonnen, Channa, and Ringler (2015) found that the existence of effective water user organizations improved agricultural productivity of farmers at the tail end of irrigation canals. At the community level, pilot studies in India have shown that collective groundwater management facilitated by experimental games can be effective in improving local groundwater governance (Meinzen-Dick et al 2018).…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of water in supporting food security: Where we are and where we need to go

Ringler¹,

Pérez²,

Xie³

2020

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Although global annual water availability is largely stable, with small increases as a result of accelerated water cycles under climate change (Oki and Kanae 2006), the demand on water resources has grown substantially over the past 50 years, due to population growth, agricultural and economic growth, and urbanization (WWAP 2016;Bates et al. 2008). This has led to increasing competition across water-using sectors and contributed to severe degradation of water and related ecosystems and biodiversity loss in parts of the globe and, in some cases, outmigration of humans. Higher temperatures, less certain precipitation patterns, as well as shorter, more concentrated rains together with prolonged dry seasons are putting further pressure on available water supplies (Bates et al. 2008;Fishman, Jain, and Kishore 2013; WWAP 2016). All of these developments have put access by farmers to water for food production at risk.Globally, most crops and livestock are produced using soil moisture that comes from precipitation (also known as rainfed agriculture) (FAO 2011). Rainfed agriculture accounts for approximately 95 percent of the harvested crop area in Africa south of the Sahara, 86 percent in Latin America, two-thirds in the Middle East and North Africa region, half in Asia, and 85 percent of the harvested crop area in high-income countries (Ringler 2017). Conversely, Asia features the world's largest irrigated areas, followed by the Middle East and North Africa regions, and there has been little investment in irrigation in Africa south of the Sahara until recently.While most crop area is rainfed, the contribution of irrigation to food security has been essential, generating 40 percent of global food production on less than a third of the world's harvested land. For this, irrigation requires large volumes of freshwater. This is reflected in the agriculture sector accounting for approximately 70 percent of global water withdrawals, largely for irrigation but also for livestock watering and aquaculture as well as for more than 80 percent of consumptive water use of withdrawn water (FAO AQUASTAT Chapter 20

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The impact of water users’ associations on the productivity of irrigated agriculture in Pakistani Punjab

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Irrigation Governance in Developing Countries: Current Problems and Solutions

Irrigation Governance in Developing Countries: Current Problems and Solutions

Sustainability in the water–energy–food nexus

The role of water in supporting food security: Where we are and where we need to go

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