The Impact of Video-Based Educational Interventions on Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear and HPV Vaccines

Abstract

Background: Video-based interventions have the potential to contribute to long-lasting improvements in health-seeking behaviours. Ghana's upsurge rate of information and communication technology usage presents an opportunity to improve the awareness of HPV vaccination and screening rates of cervical cancer among women in Ghana. This research aimed to assess the impact of video-based educational intervention centred on the Health Belief and Transtheoretical Models of behavioural changes in promoting HPV vaccination, cervical carcinoma awareness and willingness to have Pap smear test (PST) among women in Ghana.Methods: To achieve the intended sample size, convenient, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used. SPSS v. 23.0 was used in the data analysis. Percentages and frequencies were used to represent participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge of (1) cervical carcinoma, (2) human papillomavirus vaccine, and (3) Pap smear test. The chi-square test by McNemar was employed to evaluate variations in the post- and pre-intervention responses. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The level of significance was adjusted owing to multiple comparisons by using the Bonferroni's correction.Results: Before the intervention, 84.2% of the participant had some knowledge or information about cervical cancer, but after the intervention, 100% of the participant became aware of cervical cancer which represents 15.8% increment at a P < .001. The willingness to have a pap smear test increased from 35.8% to 94.2% (df = 58.4%, P < .001) after the educational intervention. The willingness to be vaccinated increased from 47.5% to 81.7% (df = 34.2%, P < .001) after the educational intervention. Six months after the intervention, participants were followed-up. 253 (42.2%) participants had gone for cervical cancer screening (Pap smear test) while 347 (57.8%) participants had not been screened. In terms of HPV vaccination, 192 participants (32.0%) had begun their HPV vaccination cycle.Conclusion: The study results show that health education, using videos, may be influential in perception changing, self-efficacy improvement and the understanding of cervical carcinoma screening and HPV vaccination.

Effect of a Concise Educational Program on COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes

“…The findings of this study demonstrate a significant overall increase in five (perceived knowledge, individual resilience, perceived trust in authorities, perceived vaccine importance, and feeling protected) examined variables immediately following the educational program, to varying degrees of effect sizes. The findings of this study are in line with previous research involving educational programs in which short videos have been shown to be an effective method for improving knowledge, attitudes, and health behavior ( 20 , 25 – 27 ). Goodman et al found that video education positively improved health beliefs about vaccination against influenza ( 26 ), while Drokow et al ( 27 ) indicated that video education is influential in improving actual uptake of HPV vaccines ( 27 ).…”

“…The findings of this study are in line with previous research involving educational programs in which short videos have been shown to be an effective method for improving knowledge, attitudes, and health behavior ( 20 , 25 – 27 ). Goodman et al found that video education positively improved health beliefs about vaccination against influenza ( 26 ), while Drokow et al ( 27 ) indicated that video education is influential in improving actual uptake of HPV vaccines ( 27 ).…”

Effectiveness of video education on intention for cervical cancer screening

“…Intervening with educational video significantly affected the increase in the value of intention for cervical cancer screening. This is in line with a previous study that states that the desire for early detection of cervical cancer increased from 35.8% to 94.2% after intervention with a video p-value of 0.001 [30].…”

Impact of health education intervention on demand of women for cervical cancer screening: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

“…After follow-up of this study, willingness for cervical cancer screening was increased by 46.4% in the intervention group, which is greater than two studies done in Nigeria (1.5 and 1.7%) but less than a study done in Ghana (58.4%) [ 6 , 7 , 32 ]. The proportion of participants who had plan to screen within the next 6 months was also increased by 20.9% in the intervention group, which is greater than a study done in Ghana (13.4%) but less than a study done in North America (72%) [ 16 , 32 ]. This might be the fact that the pre-intervention experience of participants could determine the outcome of intervention; hence, 84.2% of participants in the study from Ghana had knowledge on cervical cancer before intervention.…”