The impact of vehicle motion during transport on animal welfare

Santurtun, Eduardo; Phillips, Clive J. C.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.018

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Specific stressors associated with transferring animals between facilities include: the initial capture, handling and confinement; vibration, disruption and conditions during transportation; and the introduction to novel housing, individuals and care protocols on arrival (reviewed in Conour et al, 2006;Santurtun and Phillips, 2015;Swallow et al, 2005). In amphibians physiological and/or behavioural changes indicative of stress have been observed following capture and handling (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of transportation, transport medium and re-housing on Xenopus laevis (Daudin)

Holmes

Emmans

Coleman

et al. 2018

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of transportation, transport medium and re-housing on Xenopus laevis (Daudin)

Holmes

Emmans

Coleman

et al. 2018

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…It must be acknowledged that such affiliative behaviour is facilitated by closer proximity at the low space allowance, and further research could investigate the motivation for such behaviour. It has been observed previously [15,24] and suggests that having their head above their partner's reduced the negative emotion or discomfort caused by lack of space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Pitch, roll and heave are the most common motions, associated with loss of balance and probably motion sickness [14]. Heave and roll increase sheeps' heart rates, demonstrating greater arousal, than pitch [15]. Their main strategy to maintain balance on a moving floor involves stepping with their forelimbs frontwards and backwards, especially when they are exposed to heave and roll motions [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Doubling the Standard Space Allowance on Behavioural and Physiological Responses of Sheep Experiencing Regular and Irregular Floor Motion during Simulated Sea Transport

Navarro

Çöl

Phillips

2020

Animals

Self Cite

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Transporting livestock at high stocking density by ship presents significant risks to their welfare, especially if it is over long distances. Previous research has investigated small variations in density for long periods or a moderate variation for short periods. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a doubling of space allowance during two types of simulated ship movement, regular and irregular floor motion, on the welfare of sheep for a short one-hour period. Six 25 kg sheep were restrained in pairs in a crate on a programmable platform that generated roll and pitch motion typical of that experienced on board ship. Sheep were subjected to regular or irregular movement or a control treatment at high and low stocking densities (0.26 and 0.52 m2/sheep) in a multilevel changeover design. Irregular movement was programmed as a sequence of 30 different amplitude and duration values for pitch and roll movements, which were randomly selected by computer software controlling the movement. Regular movement was the mean of these values, which represented approximately 33% of the recommended maximum tolerance for livestock carriers. Behaviour was recorded by six cameras positioned around the crate. The low space allowance increased sheep pushing each other (Low: 4.51 events/h, High: 1.37 events/h, p < 0.001), affiliative behaviour, with their heads one on top of the other (Low 8.64, High 3.75 s/h, p = 0.02) and standing supported by the crate (Low 96, High 3.2 s/h, p < 0.001). Sheep stepped more frequently when more space was provided, particularly in the forward (Low 6.4, High 8.4 steps/h, p = 0.02) and left (Low 4.0, High 4.7 steps/h, p = 0.03) directions. The low space allowance group also had i heart rates, providing evidence of physiological stress. Irregular movement reduced rumination (Irregular 288, Control 592, Regular 403 s/h, p = 0.02), which was evidence of reduced welfare, but balance corrections by stepping were more common if the motion was regular. Thus, there was evidence that the low space allowance increased interactions between sheep and was stressful, and that irregular floor motion in simulated ship transport limited balance control and reduced welfare.

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“…Similarly, the transportation of farm commodity animals has its unique characteristics. Different from general cargo transportation, the sheep transportation usually has the characteristics of difficulty in control and uncertainty [63], and has to ensure animal health and animal welfare [10][11][12]58,59], this requires special care during transportation, such as pharmacological adjustment and reducing the weight loss of living body [11,58,63] (as shown in Table 3). Although the sheep transportation has its unique characteristics, it still conforms to the regularity of general cargo transportation, which needs to consider the transportation time, transportation distance, carrying capacity, fuel type, vehicle characteristics and the necessary insurance and maintenance of operating vehicles [2,4,15,57] (as shown in Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Method for Cost and Carbon Emission of Sheep Transportation Based on Path Optimization

et al. 2020

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Energy conservation, cost, and emission reduction are the research topics of most concern today. The aim of this paper is to reduce the cost and carbon emissions and improve the sustainable development of sheep transportation. Under the typical case of the “farmers–middlemen–slaughterhouses” (FMS) supply model, this paper comprehensively analyzed the factors, sources, and types of cost and carbon emissions in the process of sheep transportation, and a quantitative evaluation model was established. The genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed to search for the optimal path of sheep transportation, and then the model solving algorithm was designed based on the basic GA. The results of path optimization indicated that the optimal solution can be obtained effectively when the range of basic parameters of GA was set reasonably. The optimal solution is the optimal path and the shortest distance under the supply mode of FMS, and the route distance of the optimal path is 245.6 km less than that of random path. From the cost distribution, the fuel power cost of the vehicle, labor cost in transportation, and consumables cost account for a large proportion, while the operation and management cost of the vehicle and depreciation cost of the tires account for a small proportion. The total cost of the optimal path is 26.5% lower than that of the random path, and the total carbon emissions are 36.3% lower than that of random path. Path optimization can thus significantly reduce the cost of different types and significantly reduce the proportion of vehicle fuel power cost and consumables cost, but the degree of cost reduction of different types is different. The result of the optimal path is the key to be explored in this study, and it can be used as the best reference for sheep transportation. The quantitative evaluation model established in this paper can systematically measure the cost and carbon emissions generated in the sheep transportation, which can provide theoretical support for practical application.

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The impact of vehicle motion during transport on animal welfare

Cited by 26 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of transportation, transport medium and re-housing on Xenopus laevis (Daudin)

Effects of transportation, transport medium and re-housing on Xenopus laevis (Daudin)

Effects of Doubling the Standard Space Allowance on Behavioural and Physiological Responses of Sheep Experiencing Regular and Irregular Floor Motion during Simulated Sea Transport

Modeling Method for Cost and Carbon Emission of Sheep Transportation Based on Path Optimization

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