The impact of vector control on the prevalence of Theileria cervi in farmed Florida white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus

Cauvin, Allison; Hood, Karen; Shuman, Rebecca M.; Orange, Jeremy P.; Blackburn, Jason K.; Sayler, Katherine A.

doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3344-8

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The overall prevalence of T. annulata in this study (18.33%) was lower than that reported in Pakistan (29.9%) [ 9 ] and Sudan (39%) [ 34 ]. The variation in the prevalence of theileriosis between countries may be attributed to geographical or ecological factors, animal breed, management practice, and tick control [ 35 - 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

2022

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Background and Aim: Theileria annulata is the most prevalent piroplasm infecting cattle across Egypt. Theileriosis is transmitted by ixodid ticks of the genus Hyalomma. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of theileriosis in cattle and their associated risk factors for infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 570 blood samples were collected from cattle from five governorates (administrative districts) in Egypt and examined using a polymerase chain reaction assay to estimate the prevalence of tropical theileriosis and assess the associated risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence rate was 16.49%, with the Alexandria district having the highest prevalence. The results revealed that the risk of theileriosis was elevated in older cattle (odds ratio [OR]=8.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6- 21.9), especially in summers (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.4-6.3). Cattle heavily infested with ticks were at particular risk (OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.1-4.5), as were those to which acaricide had not been applied (OR=13.7, 95% CI: 5.6-33.6). Conclusion: Understanding the risk factors associated with T. annulata infection and regular infection monitoring could reduce infection rates and economic losses and is essential for the implementation of efficient control programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

2022

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“… Robinson et al (1967) surveyed deer from throughout Texas and documented that more than half of the 1600 deer sampled were positive for Theileria by blood smear analysis. Detected in both free-ranging and farmed cervids ( Cauvin et al, 2019 ; Samuel and Trainer, 1970 ), T. cervi is considered somewhat non-pathogenic; however, its pathogenicity can be accentuated by the physiological state of the host, (i.e., poor nutrition, heavy tick burden, infection; ( Robinson et al, 1967 ; Yabsley et al, 2005 ). Interestingly, while A. americanum is the demonstrated primary vector of T. cervi ( Kuttler et al, 1967 ), none were collected during this surveillance effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different genotypes of Theileria 18S SSU rRNA have been defined from various bovine and cervid hosts and geographic regions ( Chae et al, 1998 , 1999a ), resulting in three different types (Type F, Type G, and ‘divergent’) from white-tailed deer, elk ( Cervus canadensis ), and mule deer in the USA ( Cauvin et al, 2019 ; Chae et al, 1998 , 1999b ; Wood et al, 2013 ). A recent survey of deer on the SAVR (Starr and Jim Hogg Counties, Texas) indicated approx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular screening for rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in ixodid ticks surveyed from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in southern Texas

Olafson

Buckmeier

May

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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A survey of ixodid ticks parasitizing white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and nilgai antelope ( Boselaphus tragocamelus ) was completed during the 2018–2019 public hunt season on the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge (Cameron County, Texas) and the East Foundation's El Sauz Ranch in nearby Willacy County (Texas). Anocenter nitens was the predominant tick species identified with 5% of these ticks collected from nilgai. All life stages were encountered in high numbers on white-tailed deer, indicating that deer may be a primary host in this region. Amblyomma maculatum and Amblyomma inornatum were identified from both hosts, while Ixodes scapularis was encountered only on white-tailed deer. This is the first published record of A. inornatum on nilgai. A subset of ticks was used in PCR assays to detect Rickettsia spp., family Anaplasmataceae , Borrelia spp., and Theileria-Babesia spp. Borrelia spp. were not detected in any of the ticks analyzed. Rickettsia parkeri was detected in three A. maculatum adult ticks from deer, Rickettsia sp. endosymbiont sequences were present in all I. scapularis ticks, and Rickettsia amblyommatis was detected in three A. inornatum adult ticks from deer. Sequence analysis of Anaplasmataceae- positive amplicons from A. nitens and A. maculatum had low percent identity to published Anaplasma spp. sequences, suggesting a unique Anaplasma sp. may be circulating in the population. Anaplasma platys was detected from A. nitens larvae and an Ehrlichia sp. Delta strain was present in A. maculatum , both of unknown pathogenicity towards deer. Theileria cervi was detected in all stages of A. nitens ticks, and positive ticks originated from 27 of 31 deer and a single nilgai sampled from throughout the survey site. The primary vector for T. cervi is absent from this region, suggesting T. cervi is possibly maintained by a different tick species.

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“…T. cervi is transmitted by A. americanum, the lone star tick. Reports of the presence of T. cervi are common in wild populations of WTD and other ungulates from south-central states of the US [32,33,97] and Northern Mexico [33].…”

Section: Theileriosis In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Babesiosis and Theileriosis in North America

et al. 2022

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Babesia and Theileria are apicomplexan parasites that cause established and emerging diseases in humans, domestic and wild animals. These protozoans are transmitted by Ixodid ticks causing babesiosis or theileriosis, both characterized by fever, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. In North America (NA), the most common species affecting humans is B. microti, which is distributed in the Northeastern and Upper Midwestern United States (US), where the tick vector Ixodes scapularis is established. In livestock, B. bovis and B. bigemina are the most important pathogens causing bovine babesiosis in tropical regions of Mexico. Despite efforts toward eradication of their tick vector, Rhipicephalus microplus, B. bovis and B. bigemina present a constant threat of being reintroduced into the southern US and represent a continuous concern for the US cattle industry. Occasional outbreaks of T. equi, and T. orientalis have occurred in horses and cattle, respectively, in the US, with significant economic implications for livestock including quarantine, production loss, and euthanasia of infected animals. In addition, a new species, T. haneyi, has been recently discovered in horses from the Mexico-US border. Domestic dogs are hosts to at least four species of Babesia in NA that may result in clinical disease that ranges from subclinical to acute, severe anemia. Herein we review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and epidemiology of the most important diseases caused by Babesia and Theileria to humans, domestic and wild animals in Canada, the US, and Mexico.

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The impact of vector control on the prevalence of Theileria cervi in farmed Florida white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

Molecular screening for rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in ixodid ticks surveyed from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in southern Texas

Babesiosis and Theileriosis in North America

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